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| 1 | |
During the process of mastication, the muscles which move the jaws to cause the grinding and crushing actions of the teeth include all of the following except: (p. 944) |
| | A) | medial pterygoid |
| | B) | masseter |
| | C) | buccinator |
| | D) | lateral pterygoid |
| | E) | temporalis |
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| 2 | |
Which cells of the gastric mucosa secrete rennin? (p. 950) |
| | A) | enteroendocrine cells |
| | B) | regenerative cells |
| | C) | mucous cells |
| | D) | chief cells |
| | E) | parietal cells |
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| 3 | |
Which of the following is not a lobe of the liver? (p. 958) |
| | A) | falciform |
| | B) | left |
| | C) | right |
| | D) | caudate |
| | E) | quadrate |
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| 4 | |
The arrival of chyme containing a mixture of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins into the duodenum over a period of time would cause (pp. 957, 962-963) |
| | A) | an increase in secretin release from the duodenum |
| | B) | diminished gallbladder contractions |
| | C) | a decrease in bicarbonate secretion from the pancreas |
| | D) | a decrease in CCK secretion |
| | E) | a parasympathetic reflex which would promote gastric contractions |
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| 5 | |
Substances which are placed in the mouth, travel through the digestive tract, and excreted out of the anus are substances that are considered to be external to the body. (p. 939) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 6 | |
Sympathetic stimulation of the gastrointestinal tract will speed up peristalsis and increase gastric secretions (pp. 955-957) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 7 | |
The principal pigment in bile is a breakdown product of red blood cells (p. 961) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 8 | |
Which of the following is not considered an accessory organ of the digestive system? |
| | A) | salivary glands |
| | B) | liver |
| | C) | pancreas |
| | D) | stomach |
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| 9 | |
Which of the following is the mesentery that extends as a thin sheet of connective tissue from the stomach to the liver? |
| | A) | mesocolon |
| | B) | lesser omentum |
| | C) | greater omentum |
| | D) | ventral mesentery |
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| 10 | |
The opening from the oral cavity to the throat (pharynx) is known as the fauces. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 11 | |
Which of the following statements concerning the tongue is false? |
| | A) | The tongue occupies parts of both the oral cavity and oropharynx. |
| | B) | The tongue contains lymphatic tissue (a lingual tonsil). |
| | C) | The tongue contains glands that secrete a portion of the saliva. |
| | D) | The tongue is composed of 80% smooth muscle and 20% elastic fibers. |
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| 12 | |
How many baby (deciduous) teeth are formed? |
| | A) | 14 |
| | B) | 16 |
| | C) | 20 |
| | D) | 24 |
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| 13 | |
Dentin, cementum, and enamel are living connective tissues with cells embedded in a calcified matrix, and thus, they can repair themselves. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 14 | |
Which of the following components of saliva begins starch digestion in the mouth? |
| | A) | lipase |
| | B) | lysozyme |
| | C) | amylase |
| | D) | mucus |
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| 15 | |
When the salivatory nuclei in the brainstem receive neural input from touch and taste receptors in the mouth, salivation is increased. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 16 | |
Which of the following statements concerning the GI tract is false? |
| | A) | The esophagus is lined with stratified squamous epithelium. |
| | B) | The muscle layer of the upper esophagus contains skeletal muscle. |
| | C) | The lower esophageal sphincter is a very thick band of smooth muscle. |
| | D) | The esophageal glands secrete lubricating mucus. |
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| 17 | |
In the esophagus, a reflex response called peristalsis occurs when a bolus of food stimulates the stretch receptors. Which of the following is not part of this response? |
| | A) | The circular muscle behind the bolus contracts. |
| | B) | The longitudinal muscle behind the bolus contracts. |
| | C) | The circular muscle in front of the bolus relaxes. |
| | D) | The longitudinal muscle in front of the bolus contracts. |
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| 18 | |
Parietal cells use the enzyme carbonic anhydrase to form the H+ ions in the hydrochloric acid that they secrete. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 19 | |
Which of the following substances secreted by the cells of the stomach wall is essential for the absorption of vitamin B12 by the small intestine? |
| | A) | hydrochloric acid |
| | B) | pepsinogen |
| | C) | intrinsic factor |
| | D) | renin |
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| 20 | |
Vomiting is caused by contraction of the diaphragm and abdominal muscles. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 21 | |
The functions of the liver include all of the following except |
| | A) | secretion of albumin, clotting factors, and other plasma proteins. |
| | B) | storing glucose as glycogen. |
| | C) | producing vitamins A, C and K. |
| | D) | degrading toxins and drugs from the blood. |
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| 22 | |
The liver secretes 1,000 mL of bile per day into the duodenum. (p. 25.40) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 23 | |
Which of the following is not retroperitoneal? |
| | A) | ileum |
| | B) | pancreas |
| | C) | duodenum |
| | D) | ascending colon |
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| 24 | |
The tubular glands called the crypts of Lieberkuhn secrete important digestive enzymes. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 25 | |
Segmentation is the name given to peristalsis within the small intestine. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 26 | |
Which of the following is not an enzyme that digests proteins in the small intestine? |
| | A) | maltase |
| | B) | aminopeptidase |
| | C) | dipeptidase |
| | D) | carboxypeptidase |
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| 27 | |
Which of the following does not occur within the large intestine? |
| | A) | synthesis of vitamin K |
| | B) | absorption of water and electrolytes |
| | C) | secretion of mucus |
| | D) | digestion of cellulose by digestive enzymes |
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| 28 | |
This tooth type punctures and shreds food: |
| | A) | incisors |
| | B) | canines |
| | C) | bicuspids |
| | D) | premolars |
| | E) | molars |
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| 29 | |
This type of salivary gland produces amylase, a substantial volume of saliva, and overlies the masseter muscle: |
| | A) | parotid |
| | B) | intrinsic |
| | C) | submandibular |
| | D) | sublingual |
| | E) | esophageal |
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| 30 | |
This gastric secretion breaks proteins down into smaller polypeptide chains: |
| | A) | lipase |
| | B) | intrinsic factor |
| | C) | gastrin |
| | D) | rennin |
| | E) | pepsin |
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| 31 | |
This hormone, produced in the gastric phase, stimulates pepsinogen and HCl production: |
| | A) | secretin |
| | B) | cholecystokinin (CCK) |
| | C) | gastric inhibitory peptide |
| | D) | gastrin |
| | E) | insulin |
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| 32 | |
The function of bile is: |
| | A) | breaks peptide bond |
| | B) | hormonal |
| | C) | emulsifies fats |
| | D) | hydrolyzes carbohydrate linkages |
| | E) | mineral absorption |
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| 33 | |
All of the following are functions of cholecystokinin (CCK) except: |
| | A) | stimulates gallbladder contraction |
| | B) | promotes secretion of pancreatic enzymes |
| | C) | increases gastric HCl production |
| | D) | induces the movement of bile into common bile duct |
| | E) | causes hepatopancreatic sphincter to relax |
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| 34 | |
This brush border enzyme activates other enzymes: |
| | A) | trypsin |
| | B) | pepsin |
| | C) | lipase |
| | D) | lactase |
| | E) | enterokinase |
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| 35 | |
These intestinal structures contain lymphocyte follicles to attack pathogens: |
| | A) | Peyer patches |
| | B) | Brunner glands |
| | C) | islets of Langerhans |
| | D) | Paneth cells |
| | E) | crypts of Lieberkuhn |
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| 36 | |
If an older person is having diarrhea and gas when they try to drink much milk, what enzyme are they not producing on their brush border? |
| | A) | maltase |
| | B) | lactase |
| | C) | carboxypeptidase |
| | D) | gastric lipase |
| | E) | rennin |
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| 37 | |
This brush border enzyme will complete polypeptide digestion: |
| | A) | pepsin |
| | B) | trypsin |
| | C) | chymotrypsin |
| | D) | carboxypeptidase |
| | E) | sucrase |
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