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| 1 | |
The initial depolarization of the egg membrane at fertilization is called the (p. 1085-1086) |
| | A) | fast block |
| | B) | slow block |
| | C) | hyaluronidase reaction |
| | D) | capacitation reaction |
| | E) | cortical reaction |
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| 2 | |
What actually implants into the uterine endometrium? (p. 1087, fig. 29.1) |
| | A) | the zygote |
| | B) | the 2-cell blastomere |
| | C) | the 4-cell blastomere |
| | D) | the morula |
| | E) | the blastocyst |
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| 3 | |
This structure eventually becomes part of the urinary bladder. (p. 1091) |
| | A) | the placenta |
| | B) | the allantois |
| | C) | the chorion |
| | D) | the yolk sac |
| | E) | the amnion |
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| 4 | |
All organ systems are present and definable (p. 1094, table 29.3) |
| | A) | a few days after fertilization |
| | B) | at the morula stage |
| | C) | at the blastocyst stage |
| | D) | at the end of the embryonic stage |
| | E) | after the first cleavage of the zygote |
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| 5 | |
It is important for a neonate to be spanked right after birth, otherwise they will not breathe. (p. 1098) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 6 | |
One should be cautious about having cats in the house where a pregnant woman lives. (p. 1099) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 7 | |
Although aging is associated with a loss in skeletal muscle function, an elderly person can still increase muscle strength with an appropriate exercise program. (p. 1108) |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 8 | |
The egg cell is fertilized in the uterus. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 9 | |
What is the ratio of sperm that reach the egg cell out of those sperm that begin the journey? |
| | A) | 1 out of 100 |
| | B) | 1 out of 1000 |
| | C) | 1 out of 10,000 |
| | D) | 1 out of 100,000 |
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| 10 | |
Sperm undergo a process of capacitation that |
| | A) | requires about 10 hours to complete. |
| | B) | requires the removal of cholesterol from the sperm membrane. |
| | C) | enables sperm to penetrate egg cell. |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 11 | |
The first sperm to encounter the egg cell will have the best chance to fertilize it. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 12 | |
In which of the following mechanisms involved with the prevention of polyspermy does the egg cell membrane open its sodium channels? |
| | A) | slow block |
| | B) | fast block |
| | C) | fertilization membrane |
| | D) | cortical reaction |
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| 13 | |
When the sperm and egg pronuclei combine, the egg cell becomes a zygote. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 14 | |
The first cleavage of the zygote produces two blastomeres. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 15 | |
Which of the following stages of embryonic development is a hollow sphere formed by a single, outer layer of squamous cells? |
| | A) | trophoblast |
| | B) | embryoblast |
| | C) | blastocyst (blastula) |
| | D) | blastomere |
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| 16 | |
During implantation, the trophoblast separates into layers. The superficial layer in which the cells fuse into a multinucleate mass is called the |
| | A) | cytotrophoblast. |
| | B) | syncytiotrophoblast. |
| | C) | corpus luteum. |
| | D) | embryoblast. |
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| 17 | |
The most important development occurring during embryogenesis is the arrangement of the blastomeres into two primary germ layers. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 18 | |
Nourishment of the embryo by the mother's bloodstream is called trophoblastic nutrition. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 19 | |
The fetal blood filling the chorionic villi does not mix with the maternal blood of the placental sinus. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 20 | |
Which of the following structures forms the foundation for the umbilical cord and becomes part of the urinary bladder? |
| | A) | amnion |
| | B) | chorion |
| | C) | allantois |
| | D) | yolk sac |
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| 21 | |
All organ systems are present at the end of 6 weeks, when fetal development begins. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 22 | |
From the umbilical vein, blood is shunted through the liver by way of the |
| | A) | ductus venosus. |
| | B) | foramen ovale. |
| | C) | ductus arteriosus. |
| | D) | umbilical arteries. |
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| 23 | |
The shunt that diverts most of the blood past the fetal lungs by connecting the pulmonary trunk to the aorta is called the |
| | A) | ductus venosus. |
| | B) | foramen ovale. |
| | C) | ductus arteriosus. |
| | D) | umbilical arteries. |
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| 24 | |
The first 6 weeks after birth constitute the transitional period. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 25 | |
The circulatory shunt around the liver becomes the ______________ in the adult. |
| | A) | ligamentum arteriosum |
| | B) | medial umbilical ligament |
| | C) | round ligament |
| | D) | ligamentum venosum |
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| 26 | |
For 2 weeks after birth, the respiratory rate of the neonate is very rapid (45 breaths per minute). |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 27 | |
Brown fat provides a good source of ATP. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 28 | |
Incomplete liver development in a premature infant causes all of the following except |
| | A) | hypoproteinemia. |
| | B) | ineffective thermoregulation. |
| | C) | clotting disorders. |
| | D) | jaundice. |
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| 29 | |
A genetic anomaly with an XO combination results in |
| | A) | Turner syndrome. |
| | B) | Klinefelter syndrome. |
| | C) | Down syndrome. |
| | D) | triple X syndrome. |
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| 30 | |
Intrinsic aging of the skin includes all of the following except |
| | A) | atrophy of the sebaceous glands. |
| | B) | decrease in collagen and elastic fibers in the dermis. |
| | C) | decreased cutaneous nerve endings. |
| | D) | age spots. |
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| 31 | |
Diabetes mellitus is more common in the elderly because with increased body fat, other cells become less sensitive to insulin. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 32 | |
Walking in the house may be all the exercise an elderly person needs. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 33 | |
The Hayflick phenomenon is an observation that |
| | A) | cells activate a suicide program after a certain number of divisions. Hayflick discovered that cultured fibroblasts divided about 50 times and then died. |
| | B) | cultured fibroblasts divided about 50 times and then died. correct answer |
| | C) | chromosomes have end caps called telomeres. Hayflick discovered that cultured fibroblasts divided about 50 times and then died. |
| | D) | altered macromolecules may be attached as to membrane as foreign antigens. Hayflick discovered that cultured fibroblasts divided about 50 times and then died. |
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| 34 | |
This structure produces HCG and is the outer layer of cells of the blastocyst: |
| | A) | embryonic disc |
| | B) | morula |
| | C) | trophoblast |
| | D) | zygote |
| | E) | embryoblast |
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| 35 | |
This is the most correct sequence of development: |
| | A) | zygote > morula > blastocyst > embryo > fetus |
| | B) | morula > zygote > blastocyst > embryo > fetus |
| | C) | zygote > morula > embryo > blastocyst > fetus |
| | D) | morula > blastocyst > zygote > embryo > fetus |
| | E) | blastocyst > embryo > placenta > morula > fetus |
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| 36 | |
Which of the following is not an embryonic membrane? |
| | A) | amnion |
| | B) | chorion |
| | C) | yolk sac |
| | D) | umbilicus |
| | E) | allantois |
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| 37 | |
This embryonic membrane encloses a lake of fluid that protects the fetus from physical damage: |
| | A) | amnion |
| | B) | chorion |
| | C) | yolk sac |
| | D) | placenta |
| | E) | allantois |
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| 38 | |
The skeletal system arises from this primary germ layer: |
| | A) | ectoderm |
| | B) | allantois |
| | C) | mesoderm |
| | D) | chorion |
| | E) | endoderm |
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| 39 | |
This fetal heart structure allows blood to bypass the pulmonary circulation: |
| | A) | foramen spinosum |
| | B) | umbilical veins |
| | C) | ductus venosus |
| | D) | ductus arteriosus |
| | E) | umbilical arteries |
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| 40 | |
This type of chemical can cross through the placental barrier from the maternal circulation and cause anatomical defects: |
| | A) | HIV |
| | B) | teratogen |
| | C) | vitamin E |
| | D) | albumin |
| | E) | folic acid |
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| 41 | |
A person with this aneuploidy will have Klinefelter syndrome: |
| | A) | XX |
| | B) | XXY |
| | C) | XYY |
| | D) | trisomy 18 |
| | E) | trisomy 21 |
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| 42 | |
A short person having one palmer crease, a protruding tongue, and mental retardation may have this aneuploidy: |
| | A) | XXY |
| | B) | XYY |
| | C) | XO |
| | D) | trisomy 18 |
| | E) | trisomy 21 |
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| 43 | |
Which of the following is not a trend as a person gets older? |
| | A) | reduced brain mass |
| | B) | lower glomerular filtration rate |
| | C) | vital capacity falls |
| | D) | fewer red blood cells produced |
| | E) | increased atherosclerosis |
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