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1
Anabolic reactions are those chemical reactions that release energy, usually by the breakdown of larger organic molecules into smaller organic molecules.
A)True
B)False
2
Aerobic cellular respiration and ventilation describe two very different processes.
A)True
B)False
3
Within a cell, the oxygen used during aerobic metabolism of nutrients ultimately becomes water.
A)True
B)False
4
Damage to the mitochondria of a cell would inhibit glycolysis.
A)True
B)False
5
During anaerobic metabolism of glucose, the reduced NADH are used to produce pyruvate from lactic acid.
A)True
B)False
6
Anaerobic respiration or lactic acid fermentation yields a net gain of two ATP.
A)True
B)False
7
To summarize glycolysis, one glucose molecule is broken down sequentially to two molecules of pyruvic acid, releasing two NADH + H+ molecules, and generating a net gain of two ATP.
A)True
B)False
8
It is common for certain tissues like skeletal muscle to derive energy (ATP) from anaerobic respiration on a daily basis without permanent injury or damage to the tissue.
A)True
B)False
9
Red blood cells only use glycolysis in the catabolism of glucose.
A)True
B)False
10
Phosphorylation of glucose "traps" the glucose molecule within the cell.
A)True
B)False
11
In aerobic respiration, pyruvic acid is formed from glucose but lactic acid is not.
A)True
B)False
12
The enzyme, glycogen phosphorylase, catalyzes the conversion of glycogen to glucose-1-phosphate.
A)True
B)False
13
Organic molecules with phosphate groups such as glucose 6-phosphate are cell "prisoners" because they cannot cross cell membranes.
A)True
B)False
14
The liver can supply the skeletal muscle with energy in the form of free glucose but the opposite is not true.
A)True
B)False
15
Tissue cells that are anaerobic would have to burn relatively more glucose molecules to maintain a steady supply of ATP than would those tissues that are supplied with oxygen.
A)True
B)False
16
During exercise, the liver can metabolize the lactic acid produced by the skeletal muscle cells and provide glucose to the cells of the body.
A)True
B)False
17
During aerobic respiration, the reaction that results in the conversion of pyruvic acid to acetyl CoA and CO2, occurs in the cytoplasm.
A)True
B)False
18
All nine steps in glycolysis occur in the mitochondria within a cell.
A)True
B)False
19
The CO2 molecules formed as a waste product during the aerobic respiration of glucose are derived from pyruvic acid and other intermediates of the Krebs cycle and are not derived from oxygen gas molecules.
A)True
B)False
20
Coenzyme A serves only as a transport molecule for the reaction, carrying acetic acid from one enzyme to the next in the sequence.
A)True
B)False
21
The series of molecules that serve in electron transport during aerobic respiration are built into the cristae of the outer membrane of the mitochondria.
A)True
B)False
22
Iron is the crucial atom within the cytochrome molecules that participates in the oxidation-reduction shuttle of the electrons along the electron transport chain.
A)True
B)False
23
Electron transport molecules are fixed within the inner membrane of the mitochondrion forming "lollipops" called respiratory assemblies that are critically important in the generation of ATP.
A)True
B)False
24
Oxidative phosphorylation describes the series of oxidation-reduction reactions in the mitochondria that use the energy from electron pairs derived from NADH and FADH2 to add a phosphate onto ADP, thus forming ATP.
A)True
B)False
25
The chemiosmotic theory is a widely accepted explanation of how glucose and other fuel food molecules are chemically allowed to enter the cell from the extracellular environment.
A)True
B)False
26
The transfer of energy from the electrons of hydrogen carriers, NAD and FAD, to form ATP is an example of an exergonic reaction.
A)True
B)False
27
The stem of the respiratory assemblies contains the enzyme ATP synthase that actually produces ATP molecules as protons diffuse into the matrix.
A)True
B)False
28
Oxygen (O2) is required as the final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain, forming carbon dioxide as waste.
A)True
B)False
29
In general, it is correct to say that the oxygen gas (O2) we breathe in is ultimately converted to the carbon dioxide gas (CO2) we breathe out.
A)True
B)False
30
During aerobic respiration of one glucose molecule, direct (also called substrate-level) phosphorylation occurs in glycolysis (producing a net gain of 2 ATP) and the Krebs cycle (producing 1 ATP per cycle); for a total of 4 ATP molecules by this process.
A)True
B)False
31
The electrons from NADH and from FADH2 activate the three proton pumps along the inner mitochondrial membrane in different ways, with the electrons from NADH generating 1.5 ATP molecules and the electrons from FADH2 generating 2.5 ATP molecules.
A)True
B)False
32
In summary, the complete aerobic respiration of one molecule of glucose to carbon dioxide and water generates a new grand total of 30 ATP (or, less commonly, 32 ATP) molecules.
A)True
B)False
33
Fatty acids are generally formed by the condensation of many two-carbon acetyl CoA molecules creating elongated hydrocarbon chains that have even numbers of carbon atoms.
A)True
B)False
34
Glycolysis is stimulated by high cellular ATP concentrations so that more glucose can be combusted.
A)True
B)False
35
The formation of fat in adipose tissue and in the liver is known as lipogenesis and often occurs following a meal high in calories.
A)True
B)False
36
Since it is easily replenished from the diet, protein, which accounts for about 15%-20% of the stored calories in the body, is used daily by the body as a routine source of ATP.
A)True
B)False
37
Lipases are enzymes that hydrolyze triglycerides into glycogen and free fatty acids in a process called lipolysis.
A)True
B)False
38
Like glucose metabolism, fatty acid catabolism by ß-oxidation requires the coenzymes NAD and FAD to aid in the production of ATP.
A)True
B)False
39
The complete β-oxidation of one sixteen-carbon-long fatty acid molecule yields more than 100 ATP molecules whereas the similar complete aerobic respiration or combustion of one glucose molecule yields only 30 ATP.
A)True
B)False
40
Many peripheral tissues can use ketone bodies as energy sources.
A)True
B)False
41
Growing children excrete less nitrogen than they ingest, therefore they are in a state of positive nitrogen balance.
A)True
B)False
42
Excess amino acids not used for protein synthesis can undergo deamination and used for energy or can be converted to carbohydrate and fat.
A)True
B)False
43
Of the twenty amino acids available to synthesize protein, about twelve are essential, which means it is essential that the body make them.
A)True
B)False
44
Keto acids such as pyruvic acid and certain intermediates of the Krebs cycle can be used in a variety of metabolic pathways that include gluconeogenesis, lipogenesis and catabolism.
A)True
B)False
45
The heart uses glucose and lactic acid molecules circulating in the bloodstream as its primary sources of energy.
A)True
B)False





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