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| 1 | |
Genome size in eukaryotes has increased primarily by multiple processes of duplication. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 2 | |
Mutations accumulate more quickly in pseudogenes. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 3 | |
The Burgess Shale is remarkable in that it preserved DNA of invertebrates. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 4 | |
The periodic mass extinctions seen in the fossil record affected only large animals. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 5 | |
The ancestral Hox gene family consisted of 5 related genes known to encode protein products that regulate the expression of other genes. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 6 | |
The human Alu sequence is a noncoding 171 bp motif present in tandem arrays in a 1 mb region of human centromeres. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 7 | |
A 100 residue amino acid sequence called the immunoglobulin homology unit is common to all members of the immunoglobulin gene superfamily. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 8 | |
The immunoglobulin gene families encode specific antigen receptor classes including MHC molecules. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 9 | |
An immune response has three basic components, it is highly specific, selects for increased adaptivity, and has memory. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 10 | |
Protein sequences tend to resemble each other during the process of:
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| | A) | punctuated equilibrium |
| | B) | exon shuffling |
| | C) | affinity maturation |
| | D) | concerted evolution |
| | E) | retrotranspostion |
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| 11 | |
Duplication of sequences can arise via:
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| | A) | punctuated equilibrium |
| | B) | exon shuffling |
| | C) | affinity maturation |
| | D) | concerted evolution |
| | E) | retrotransposition |
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| 12 | |
Protein domains can be placed in new contexts by:
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| | A) | punctuated equilibrium |
| | B) | exon shuffling |
| | C) | affinity maturation |
| | D) | concerted evolution |
| | E) | retrotransposition |
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| 13 | |
Somatic hypermutation in B cells underlies:
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| | A) | punctuated equilibrium |
| | B) | exon shuffling |
| | C) | affinity maturation |
| | D) | concerted evolution |
| | E) | retrotransposition |
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| 14 | |
Sudden radiations of new organisms are a constituent of:
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| | A) | punctuated equilibrium |
| | B) | exon shuffling |
| | C) | affinity maturation |
| | D) | concerted evolution |
| | E) | retrotransposition |
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| 15 | |
Cytochrome c was one of the first molecules to be used as a:
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| | A) | ribozyme |
| | B) | metazoan |
| | C) | phylogenetic tree |
| | D) | multigene family |
| | E) | molecular clock |
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| 16 | |
Non-protein catalysis can be carried out by a:
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| | A) | ribozyme |
| | B) | metazoan |
| | C) | phylogenetic tree |
| | D) | multigene family |
| | E) | molecular clock |
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| 17 | |
Duplication and divergence gives rise to a:
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| | A) | ribozyme |
| | B) | metazoan |
| | C) | phylogenetic tree |
| | D) | multigene family |
| | E) | molecular clock |
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| 18 | |
A multicellular organism is a:
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| | A) | ribozyme |
| | B) | metazoan |
| | C) | phylogenetic tree |
| | D) | multigene family |
| | E) | molecular clock |
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| 19 | |
Evolutionary relationships can be used to construct a:
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| | A) | ribozyme |
| | B) | metazoan |
| | C) | phylogenetic tree |
| | D) | multigene family |
| | E) | molecular clock |
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| 20 | |
Triple drug therapy to arrest HIV infection is successful because:
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| | A) | entry into cells is blocked |
| | B) | insertion into genome is blocked |
| | C) | viral replication rate is lowered |
| | D) | free virus is inactivated |
| | E) | none of the above |
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| 21 | |
In the proposed primordial RNA world, ancestral RNA molecules would be required to have which of the following properties?
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| | A) | fold into three dimensional structures with enzymatic capabilities |
| | B) | direct synthesis of membranes |
| | C) | synthesize double stranded DNA |
| | D) | phosphorylate proteins |
| | E) | not suffer mutations |
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| 22 | |
The genomes of humans and chimpanzees are about 99 percent similar. Many evolutionary biologists believe that most of the apparent phenotypic differences between the two species involve:
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| | A) | duplications |
| | B) | changes in regulatory DNA sequences |
| | C) | exon shuffling |
| | D) | transposition |
| | E) | major chromosomal rearrangements |
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| 23 | |
Conservative mutations have _________ effect on protein function.
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| | A) | no |
| | B) | small |
| | C) | large |
| | D) | a or b |
| | E) | b or c |
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| 24 | |
SINE elements are:
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| | A) | flanked by inverted repeats |
| | B) | evolutionarily related to tRNA sequences |
| | C) | snRNP RNA species |
| | D) | capable of cell-to-cell movement |
| | E) | oncogenes |
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| 25 | |
Possible selective advantages of LINE and SINE elements include:
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| | A) | catalysis of gene duplication events |
| | B) | enhancement of genetic drift |
| | C) | acting as a promoter or enhancer |
| | D) | a and b |
| | E) | a and c |
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| 26 | |
The globin gene superfamily (beta globin, alpha globin, and myoglobin) is:
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| | A) | arranged in tandem |
| | B) | tightly linked |
| | C) | syntenic |
| | D) | dispersed on several chromosomes |
| | E) | none of the above |
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| 27 | |
Hba-ps3 and Hba-ps4 are __________ members of the globin gene family and are considered ____________.
|
| | A) | active; linked to globin genes |
| | B) | active; orphons |
| | C) | duplicated; linked to globin genes |
| | D) | pseudogene; linked to globin genes |
| | E) | pseudogene; orphons |
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| 28 | |
The unique tertiary structure of the immunoglobulin fold permits it to:
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| | A) | resist proteolysis |
| | B) | carry oxygen |
| | C) | regulate intragenic recombination |
| | D) | form trimeric molecules with other immunoglobulin folds |
| | E) | all of the above. |
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| 29 | |
The existence of many V, D, and J gene segments for antibody receptor genes is referred to as:
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| | A) | somatic hypermutation |
| | B) | allelic exclusion |
| | C) | germ-line diversity |
| | D) | junctional diversity |
| | E) | combinatorial joining |
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| 30 | |
The process by which a large number of possible V, D, and J combinations can be made is:
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| | A) | somatic hypermutation |
| | B) | allelic exclusion |
| | C) | germ-line diversity |
| | D) | junctional diversity |
| | E) | combinatorial joining |
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| 31 | |
Exonucleolytic digestion at one or both joined antibody receptor segments and the addition by terminal transferase of random nucleotides not encoded in the chromosome result in:
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| | A) | somatic hypermutation |
| | B) | allelic exclusion |
| | C) | germ-line diversity |
| | D) | junctional diversity |
| | E) | combinatorial joining |
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| 32 | |
The process of __________ results in affinity maturation during the immune response.
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| | A) | somatic hypermutation |
| | B) | allelic exclusion |
| | C) | germ-line diversity |
| | D) | junctional diversity |
| | E) | combinatorial joining |
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| 33 | |
The process by which only one copy of a gene is expressed is referred to as:
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| | A) | somatic hypermutation |
| | B) | allelic exclusion |
| | C) | germ-line diversity |
| | D) | junctional diversity |
| | E) | combinatorial joining |
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