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Multiple Choice
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1
Chromosomes consist of:
A)RNA
B)DNA
C)protein
D)b & c
E)a, b, & c
2
Nucleotides on a single-stranded DNA molecule are connected by:
A)phosphodiester bonds
B)proteins
C)nucleotides
D)nucleosides
E)chromosomes
3
Which of the following is not true of RNA?
A)It is acidic
B)It contains deoxyribose
C)It is usually single-stranded
D)It contains phosphate
E)It contains nitrogen
4
The ratio of adenine to thymine in DNA (is) __________, while the ratio of adenine to cytosine (is) __________:
A)varies; 1:1
B)varies; varies
C)1:1; varies
D)1:1; 1:1
E)none of the above
5
________ bonds are responsible for the polymer backbone of DNA, while ________ bonds primarily account for complementary base pairing in DNA.
A)ionic; hydrogen
B)covalent; hydrogen
C)hydrogen; covalent
D)covalent; ionic
E)none of the above
6
Uracil is present in:
A)DNA but not RNA
B)DNA and RNA
C)RNA but not DNA
D)proteins
E)none of the above
7
A nucleotide is composed of:
A)base
B)sugar
C)phosphate
D)a & b
E)a, b, & c
8
If 30% of the bases in a region of the mouse genome are cytosine, what percentage in that region are adenine?
A)20%
B)30%
C)40%
D)50%
E)60%
9
The complementary sequence of AGGGTCTCGA is (all shown 5'-->3'):
A)AGCTCTCCCA
B)TCCCAGAGCT
C)TCGAGACCCT
D)ACCCTCTCGA
E)none of the above
10
In Griffith’s 1928 experiment demonstrating bacterial transformation, injection of live S bacteria resulted in ________ mice, injection of live R bacteria resulted in ________ mice, and simultaneous injection of heat-killed S cell components and live R bacteria resulted in ________ mice:
A)live; dead; live
B)dead; live; live
C)dead; live; dead
D)dead; dead; dead
E)dead; dead; live
11
In 1944, Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty extended Griffith’s experiments by showing that the transformation activity of the purified "transforming principle" was inactivated by __________:
A)Protease
B)DNase
C)RNase
D)ultracentrifugation
E)b & c
12
In the Hershey and Chase experiment designed to determine the molecule of heredity, what was radiolabeled with 32P?
A)protein
B)DNA
C)RNA
D)rRNA
E)a & b
13
To help elucidate the double helix structure of DNA, __________ used information provided by __________ that certain bases are always present in a 1:1 ratio.
A)Watson and Crick; Franklin
B)Watson and Crick; Meselson and Stahl
C)Meselson and Stahl; Chargaff
D)Watson and Crick; Chargaff
E)none of the above
14
Match each item in the left column with the most appropriate description in the right column. Each letter in the right column is used once and only once.

restriction enzymesA. Molecular glue
methylasesB. Reads the same forwards and backwards
sticky endsC. Protect host DNA
blunt endsD. Molecular scissors
DNA ligaseE. No 5’ or 3’ overhang
palindromicF. Short, protruding single-stranded flaps

A)D, F, E, C, A, B
B)C, E, D, A, F, B
C)F, D, B, E, C, A
D)D, C, F, E, A, B
E)A, F, D, C, E, B
15
The restriction endonuclease HindIII cleaves DNA between the two adenine bases in the specific sequence seen below. What type of DNA fragments result from this cleavage?

5' AAGCTT 3'
3' TTCGAA 5'

A) A      AGCTT
 T      TCGAA
B)  A          AGCTT
  TTCGA          A
C)  A     AGCT     T
  T     TCGA     A
D)  AAGCT         T
  T         TCGAA
E)none of the above
16
In E. coli, replication proceeds from ____ origin(s) of replication.
A)no
B)one
C)two
D)several
E)many
17
During DNA synthesis, the leading strand is synthesized _______ and the lagging strand is synthesized ________.
A)3’ to 5’;   5’ to 3’
B)3’ to 5’;   3’ to 5’
C)5’ to 3’;   3’ to 5’
D)5’ to 3’;   5’ to 3’
18
Match each item in the left column with the most appropriate description in the right column. Each letter in the right column is used once and only once.

origin of replicationA. Is synthesized as a continuous strand
templatesB. Unwinds strands at replication fork
topoisomeraseC. Found on lagging strand
lagging strandD. An RNA polymerase
DNA ligaseE. DNA sequence where replication begins
helicaseF. Is synthesized in pieces
Okazaki fragmentsG. Catalyzes linkage of one deoxyribonucleotide to another
DNA polymerase IIIH. Joins Okazaki fragments together
primaseI. Relieves tension as helix is unwound during replication
leading strandJ. Molecular molds for fashioning new strands of DNA

A)I, H, E, J, B, C, F, G, D, A
B)E, J, I, F, H, B, C, G, D, A
C)E, G, D, J, H, B, A, C, I, F
D)B, G, C, E, J, I, H, F, D, A
E)A, I, H, B, E, J, F, D, G, C
19
Meselson and Stahl allowed bacteria raised in 15N medium to replicate in 14N medium. At the end of two rounds of DNA replication, they observed ______ band(s) in their centrifugation tubes which was/were composed of _______.
A)1; single strands of 15N DNA base-paired to single strands of 14N DNA
B)1; double strands of DNA, each strand made up of a mixture of 14N and 15N DNA
C)2; double strands of 14N DNA at the top and double strands of 15N DNA at the bottom
D)2; double strands of 14N DNA at the top and strands of 15N DNA based-paired to strands of 14N DNA in the middle
E)2; strands of 15N DNA base-paired to strands of 14N DNA in the middle and double strands of 15N DNA at the bottom
20
In the Meselson and Stahl experiment, if DNA replication had been conservative, after one round of replication they would have observed _________ in the centrifuge tube.
A)one intermediate weight band
B)one heavy band
C)two bands, one heavy and one light
D)two bands, one heavy and one intermediate
E)two bands, one intermediate and one light
21
Meiotic recombination involves the breakage and reunion of DNA molecules from:
A)homologous nonsister chromatids.
B)homologous sister chromatids.
C)maternal and paternal gametes
D)heterologous chromosomes
E)none of the above
22
Using the double-strand break model, put the following recombination events in order:

  1. First strand invasion
  2. Branch migration
  3. Resolution of Holliday structure
  4. Double-strand break formation
  5. Formation of Holliday structure
  6. Degradation of 5’ ends on each side of double-strand break to produce two 3’ single-stranded tails



A)4, 6, 1, 5, 3, 2
B)4, 6, 1, 5, 2, 3
C)1, 4, 6, 5, 2, 3
D)4, 1, 6, 5, 2, 3
E)1, 4, 6, 5, 3, 2
23
Mitotic recombination can be caused by ________:
A)X-rays
B)UV light
C)meiosis
D)a & b
E)none of the above
24
Two strains of S. cerevisae (yeast) are crossed. One has the genotype XYZ and the other xyz. Five sets of the resultant tetrads are noted below. In which set did a gene conversion event occur?
A)xyZ, xyz, XYz, XYZ
B)xyz, xyz, XYZ, XYZ
C)Xyz, Xyz, xYZ, xYZ
D)xyz, XYZ, xyZ, Xyz
E)xYz, xYz, XyZ, XyZ





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