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Multiple Choice
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1
Base-pairing complementarity on the tRNA molecule is specified by the ________, while base-pairing complementarity on the mRNA molecule is specified by the ________.
A)intron; exon
B)exon; intron
C)codon; anticodon
D)anticodon; codon
E)initiation codon; stop codon
2
AUG is almost always the:
A)intron
B)exon
C)codon
D)anticodon
E)initiation codon
3
Peptidyl transferase is associated with the:
A)ribosome
B)spliceosome
C)template strand
D)nucleus
E)cytoplasm
4
Transcribed regions present in the mature mRNA would arise from a ________, while transcribed regions NOT present in the mature mRNA would arise from a ________.
A)intron; exon
B)exon; intron
C)codon; anticodon
D)anticodon; codon
E)initiation codon; stop codon
5
Which of these is not a characteristic of the genetic code?
A)the sequence is decoded 5'→3'
B)the code is overlapping
C)the code is degenerate
D)there are the same number of codons as there are amino acids
E)the code is used by nearly all living organisms
6
One strand of a eukaryotic DNA sequence that reads: 5'TTGATGCCTGAATGAGCTTTA 3' could code for ____ amino acids after all steps of conversion into protein are complete.
A)3
B)4
C)5
D)6
E)7
7
Nonsense codons are:
A)codons that code for multiple amino acids
B)codons that code for no amino acids
C)codons that cause translation to stop
D)b & c
E)none of the above
8
Which of these terms does not describe a codon?
A)start
B)amber
C)opal
D)ochre
E)frameshift
9
Reverse transcriptase is the enzyme that:
A)makes RNA from a DNA template
B)makes DNA from a RNA template
C)makes RNA from a RNA template
D)makes DNA from a DNA template
E)makes protein from DNA
10
The retroviruses, including HIV, are unique because they do:
A)reverse replication
B)reverse transcription
C)reverse splicing
D)reverse translation
E)none of the above
11
Ribosomes are composed of:
A)tRNA and protein.
B)mRNA and protein.
C)rRNA and protein.
D)proteins only
E)rRNA only
12
Which of the following is not true of tRNA?
A)contains modified bases
B)contains thymine
C)has secondary structure
D)has anticodon loop
E)has amino acid accepting site
13
A defect in aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase would directly lead to:
A)a block in transcription
B)uncharged tRNA
C)unmodified tRNA
D)a & b
E)none of the above
14
A silent mutation may result in:
A)a frameshifted protein
B)a hypermorphic mutation
C)a hypomorphic mutation
D)decoding with a different tRNA
E)different posttranslational modification
15
A frameshift mutation:
A)can change the amino acid sequence
B)can revert a deletion mutation
C)can change protein size
D)a & c
E)none of the above
16
A nonsense mutation can:
A)cause an amino acid substitution
B)revert a silent mutation
C)change the protein size
D)a & b
E)c & a
17
A suppressor tRNA can suppress a:
A)nonsense mutation
B)missense mutation
C)deletion mutation
D)frameshift mutation
E)silent mutation
18
A splice-site mutation could result in:
A)a frameshifted protein
B)a shorter protein
C)a longer protein
D)a null mutation
E)any of the above
19
What property of the genetic code allows in vitro transcription of mRNA from different organisms?
A)accuracy of transmission
B)near universality
C)degeneracy
D)non-overlapping codons
E)reading frame
20
What property of the genetic code allows the use of several codons for a particular amino acid?
A)accuracy of transmission
B)near universality
C)degeneracy
D)non-overlapping codons
E)reading frame
21
Order the following events of prokaryotic transcription:

A: elongation
B: termination
C: promoter binding
D: rho binding
E: transcription bubble

A)DEACB
B)CEADB
C)ECDAB
D)DEABC
E)CEABD
22
Order the following events of eukaryotic mRNA synthesis:

A: 3'-polyadenylation
B: termination
C: splicing
D: 5'-capping
E: initiation

A)ECDAB
B)EABDC
C)CBEDA
D)EDBAC
E)DEBCA
23
Prokaryotic ribosomes begin translation by binding to the ________, while eukaryotic ribosomes begin translation by starting at the first ______ downstream of the 5' cap.
A)Shine-Dalgarno sequence; AUG
B)promoter; codon
C)Shine-Dalgarno sequence; lariat structure
D)promoter; splicesome
E)AUG; Shine-Dalgarno sequence
24
Which of the following can account for multiple proteins from a primary transcript?
A)alternative splicing
B)trans splicing
C)several genes on one mRNA
D)a & b
E)all of the above
25
Indicate if the following elements are more typical of eukaryotes (E) or prokaryotes (P).

A. splicing
B. polycistronic mRNAs
C. 5' cap
D. 3' polyA tail
E. Shine-Dalgarno sequence

A)EPEEE
B)EPEEP
C)EEEEP
D)EPPPE
E)PPEEE





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