1			The Human Genome Project was initiated as a ____-year, ________ project to sequence and analyze the human genome in conjunction with the genomes of several model organisms. Need a Hint?
			A)	3; $15 billion
			B)	15; $3 billion
			C)	15; $3 million
			D)	10; $10 billion
			E)	30; $150 billion
2			In addition to the human genome sequence, draft or finished genome sequences existed for eight model organisms by 2002. Which of the following organisms are not part of that group of eight? Need a Hint?
			A)	yeast
			B)	fruit flies
			C)	nematode
			D)	kangaroo
			E)	puffer fish
3			ELSI was established as part of the Human Genome Project to: Need a Hint?
			A)	study the ethical, legal, and social implications of mapping the human genome
			B)	educate society about the opportunities and challenges of the new genetics
			C)	create new technologies that will accelerate the sequencing process
			D)	to develop computational tools for capturing, storing, analyzing, displaying, and distributing map and sequence information
			E)	a and b
4			The Human Genome Project has selected an error rate of less than ________ for its finished sequence. This can be achieved by ________ sequence coverage. Need a Hint?
			A)	1/1000; 6-fold
			B)	1/1000; 10-fold
			C)	1/10,000; 10-fold
			D)	1/100,000; 6-fold
			E)	1/100,000; 10-fold
5			The Human Genome Project will: Need a Hint?
			A)	provide clones of specific individuals.
			B)	eliminate all disease.
			C)	synthesize a human genome in the laboratory.
			D)	explain all developmental processes of the human body.
			E)	facilitate the development of gene therapies.
6			You isolate a random small sequence of human genomic DNA. What is your estimate of the chances that this sequence codes for a gene? Need a Hint?
			A)	100%
			B)	95%
			C)	33%
			D)	2-5%
			E)	less than 1%
7			What statement is not true about FISH analysis? Need a Hint?
			A)	does not require a polymorphism
			B)	can determine the pattern of expression of a cloned gene
			C)	can determine the chromosomal location of a cloned gene
			D)	does not require a linkage map
			E)	exploits nucleic acid hybridization
8			Which of the steps listed below is not involved in FISH? Need a Hint?
			A)	Fix chromosomes and denature the DNA
			B)	Arrest cells in interphase
			C)	Take a photomicrograph using ultraviolet light
			D)	Label a DNA probe bound to fluorescent dye
			E)	Hybridize the DNA probe to the chromosomes
9			Chromosome walking: Need a Hint?
			A)	allows one to move from one chromosome to another
			B)	requires overlapping cloned sequences
			C)	requires FISH
			D)	requires pedigree analysis
			E)	none of the above
10			All genes with sufficient sequence similarity to have evolved from a common ancestor anywhere in evolutionary time are ________, while ________ are genes in different species that arose from the same gene in the immediate ancestor of the two species and ________ arise by duplication events within the same species. Need a Hint?
			A)	homologs; orthologs; paralogs
			B)	homologs; paralogs; orthologs
			C)	orthologs; homologs; paralogs
			D)	orthologs; paralogs; homologs
			E)	paralogs; orthologs; homologs
11			Which are more abundant? Need a Hint?
			A)	SNPs
			B)	RFLPs
			C)	SSRs
			D)	microsatellites
			E)	minisatellites
12			Order the following techniques from large to fine scale: A. physical mapping B. sequencing C. linkage mapping D. karyotyping Need a Hint?
			A)	CDBA
			B)	BACD
			C)	DCAB
			D)	CDAB
			E)	DACB
13			Which of the following are not recognized as repeat sequences? Need a Hint?
			A)	transposon-derived repeats
			B)	pseudogenes
			C)	blocks of sequences at the centromere
			D)	introns
			E)	b and d
14			Based on what we have learned from the human genome sequence, which of the following statements is false? Need a Hint?
			A)	The mutation rate during meiosis in males is twice as high as that in females.
			B)	There is evidence that evolution has occurred through lateral transfer of genes from one organism to another.
			C)	All living organisms evolved from a common ancestor.
			D)	Repeat sequences consist of more than 50% of the human genome.
			E)	The distribution of genes throughout the genome is uniform.
15			Which combinatorial strategies do humans not use to amplify genetic information and generate diversity? Need a Hint?
			A)	Rearrangement of antibody gene segments
			B)	Rearrangement of T-cell receptor gene segments
			C)	Alternative splicing
			D)	Methylation
			E)	Multiple promoters
16			DNA ________ consist of spots of up to 20,000 clones on a nylon membrane that have been created by dipping an arrayer in microtiter wells, while ________ are created by spotting 5,000-40,000 clones onto a glass slide and ________ are created by the synthesis of up to 100,000 short segments of DNA or RNA directly onto a glass slide. Need a Hint?
			A)	microarrays, macroarrays; oligonucleotide arrays
			B)	macroarrays; microarrays; oligonucleotide arrays
			C)	oligonucleotide arrays; microarrays; macroarrays
			D)	macroarrays; oligonucleotide arrays, microarrays
			E)	microarrays; oligonucleotide arrays; macroarrays
17			Which of the following do patent examiners not consider when evaluating patentability of a new product or process? Need a Hint?
			A)	Is it new?
			B)	Will it make money?
			C)	Is it nonobvious?
			D)	Is it useful?
			E)	b and d
18			To create a physical map, you are using a probe-based method to order a set of 6 overlapping clones. You have a set of 5 probes (1-5), which hybridize to your clones (A-F) in the following pattern: Probe Hybridizes to 1 D and A 2 A and F 3 F, C, and B 4 B 5 B and E What is the order of your clones? Need a Hint?
			A)	ABCDEF
			B)	DAFCBE
			C)	ADFCBE
			D)	EBCFAD
			E)	b and d
19			If you were using these clones for a sequencing project, which one could you leave out? Need a Hint?
			A)	A
			B)	B
			C)	C
			D)	D
			E)	E or F

(Questions 20-22)

A YAC with a 170 kbp insert is partially digested with a restriction enzyme and the resulting restriction fragments are cloned into a cosmid vector. The restriction patterns of the inserted fragments in seven unique cosmids are shown below, with no vector sequences:

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20			In the original sequence, what size fragments are adjacent to the 20 kbp fragment? Need a Hint?
			A)	15, 25 kbp
			B)	5, 15 kbp
			C)	5, 10 kbp
			D)	15, 30 kbp
			E)	none of the above
21			In the original sequence, what size fragments are adjacent to the 10 kbp fragment? Need a Hint?
			A)	5, 30 kbp
			B)	5, 20 kbp
			C)	10, 15 kbp
			D)	30, 25
			E)	20, 15 kbp
22			What is a possible order of the fragments in the original sequence? Need a Hint?
			A)	15, 30, 25, 35, 30, 10, 5, 20
			B)	30, 10, 30, 25, 5, 20, 15, 35
			C)	20, 15, 30, 10, 5, 30, 25, 35
			D)	30, 10, 25, 5, 20, 15, 30, 35
			E)	30, 10, 5, 20, 15, 30, 25, 35
23			What type(s) of sequences are difficult to clone? Need a Hint?
			A)	heterochromatin
			B)	introns
			C)	promoters
			D)	tandem repeats
			E)	a and d

(Questions 24 and 25)

In order to better understand breast cancer, you decide to use microarrays to determine which genes are differentially regulated when a breast cell becomes cancerous. You isolate mRNA from non-cancerous breast tissue, convert it to cDNA, and label it with a green fluorescent tag. You do the same with cancerous breast tissue, but label the cDNA with a red fluorescent tag. You mix the cDNAs together and wash them over a DNA microarray containing many of the genes of the human genome. After complicated computer processing, you obtain some preliminary results:

24			Which gene(s) are you the most interested in pursuing? Need a Hint?
			A)	1 and 5
			B)	2 and 6
			C)	3, 8, and 9
			D)	2, 5, and 9
			E)	1, 2, 5, and 6
25			You decide to study further one of the genes and call it BRCA3. You start a company and, after a few years of diligent efforts, you develop a drug that inhibits the function of BRCA3. Which of the above genes was BRCA3? Need a Hint?
			A)	Gene 2
			B)	Gene 5
			C)	Gene 9
			D)	Gene 1
			E)	Gene 4