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| 1 | |
Glucose contains more energy than the products of its metabolism, CO2 and H2O. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 2 | |
All chemicals have the same amount of potential energy. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 3 | |
Organisms require a constant supply of energy because _____. |
| | A) | they cannot create energy |
| | B) | when they transform energy some is lost as heat |
| | C) | maintenance of their cellular organization requires a lot of work |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 4 | |
Which of the following is an example of potential energy? |
| | A) | a big piece of chocolate cake |
| | B) | someone running a marathon |
| | C) | a fish swimming upstream |
| | D) | a leaf unfolding |
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| 5 | |
Energy is needed by organisms to _____________. |
| | A) | respond to stimuli |
| | B) | reproduce |
| | C) | grow |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 6 | |
The entropy of the universe is decreasing. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 7 | |
Energy that is doing work is _____. |
| | A) | called potential energy |
| | B) | stored in the bonds of glucose |
| | C) | called kinetic energy |
| | D) | both A and B |
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| 8 | |
Which of the following statements about energy is FALSE? |
| | A) | Energy can't be created and it can't be destroyed. |
| | B) | Chemical energy in our food can be transformed into energy needed for muscle contractions. |
| | C) | When energy is transformed, all of it is available to do work. |
| | D) | A battery you just bought at the store has potential energy. |
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| 9 | |
Energy is constantly supplied to ecosystems by _____. |
| | A) | radioactive elements |
| | B) | the sun |
| | C) | heat from the ocean's thermal vents |
| | D) | gravity |
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| 10 | |
Reactions which require an input of energy ___________. |
| | A) | are exergonic |
| | B) | are endergonic |
| | C) | will never occur |
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| 11 | |
In the reaction A + B --> C + D, the reactant(s) is/are ______________. |
| | A) | only A |
| | B) | A and B |
| | C) | only D |
| | D) | C + D |
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| 12 | |
If the change in free energy in both directions of a reaction is just about zero, the reaction is reversible. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 13 | |
Once ATP breakdown is coupled with muscle contraction, the overall process becomes exergonic and muscle contraction occurs. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 14 | |
The breakdown of ATP to ADP + P is a _____ reaction. |
| | A) | exergonic |
| | B) | endergonic |
| | C) | coupled |
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| 15 | |
Which of the following is an example of an endergonic reaction? |
| | A) | muscle contraction |
| | B) | protein synthesis |
| | C) | nerve conduction |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 16 | |
All of the energy in glucose is transformed into ATP by the mitochondria. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 17 | |
The "energy currency" of the cell is _______. |
| | A) | ATP |
| | B) | glucose |
| | C) | ADP + P |
| | D) | starch |
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| 18 | |
ATP is a _____. |
| | A) | protein |
| | B) | lipid |
| | C) | nucleotide |
| | D) | polysaccharide |
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| 19 | |
Active transport could be described as _____. |
| | A) | exergonic |
| | B) | endergonic |
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| 20 | |
The nitrogen base in ATP is _____________. |
| | A) | guanine |
| | B) | thymine |
| | C) | uracil |
| | D) | adenosine |
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| 21 | |
When ATP becomes ADP + P, just enough energy is released to make cilia beat so little energy is wasted. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 22 | |
In a metabolic pathway, reactions occur haphazardly and have nothing to do with one another. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 23 | |
Enzymes are _____. |
| | A) | nucleotides |
| | B) | proteins |
| | C) | lipids |
| | D) | monosaccharides |
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| 24 | |
Enzymes _____. |
| | A) | slow down chemical reactions |
| | B) | increase the energy of activation |
| | C) | bring together specific molecules and causes them to react with each other |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 25 | |
Enzymes lower the energy of activation of reactions so they can occur at body temperature. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 26 | |
In the metabolic pathway below, which letter does NOT represent a reactant?
A --> B --> C --> D --> E |
| | A) | B |
| | B) | C |
| | C) | D |
| | D) | E |
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| 27 | |
Which of the following is NOT an enzyme? |
| | A) | DNA polymerase |
| | B) | carbonic anhydrase |
| | C) | sodium bicarbonate |
| | D) | helicase |
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| 28 | |
Which of the following is a INCORRECT association of enzyme and substrate? |
| | A) | maltose - maltase |
| | B) | lipid - lipase |
| | C) | sucrose - lactase |
| | D) | acetylcholine - acetylcholinesterase |
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| 29 | |
Enzymes bind to their substrates at any place on the substrate. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 30 | |
A very high fever (105°) is dangerous because enzymes can become denatured. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 31 | |
Denaturation _____. |
| | A) | changes the shape of the enzyme |
| | B) | prevents the enzyme from binding with its substrate molecules efficiently |
| | C) | occurs at temperatures above a certain point |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 32 | |
The pH in the stomach is about 2 and the pH in the small intestine is about 8. What will happen to pepsin, an enzyme that digests proteins to peptides in the stomach, when it moves into the small intestine? |
| | A) | Pepsin will continue to function efficiently. |
| | B) | Pepsin will become denatured. |
| | C) | Pepsin's shape will change. |
| | D) | both B and C |
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| 33 | |
The speed of a reaction that involves an enzyme increases as |
| | A) | temperature decreases |
| | B) | pH becomes less than optimal |
| | C) | substrate concentration increases |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 34 | |
When a molecule binds to an enzyme at an allosteric site, _____ inhibition occurs. |
| | A) | competitive |
| | B) | noncompetitive |
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| 35 | |
Enzyme activity can be inhibited by _____. |
| | A) | a molecule that blocks its active site |
| | B) | changes in pH |
| | C) | poisons such as cyanide |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 36 | |
Symptoms of a vitamin deficiency may actually be the result of a deficiency of a coenzyme needed to assist enzyme activity. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 37 | |
The activity of almost every enzyme in a cell is regulated by feedback inhibition. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 38 | |
In the reaction (NADP+ + 2e- + H+ --> NADPH) NADP+ is _____. |
| | A) | oxidized |
| | B) | reduced |
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| 39 | |
During cellular respiration, glucose loses hydrogen ions so it is _____. |
| | A) | oxidized |
| | B) | reduced |
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| 40 | |
Energy is released during cellular respiration so it is best described as _____. |
| | A) | endergonic |
| | B) | exergonic |
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| 41 | |
Both photosynthesis and cellular respiration make use of an electron carrier and an electron transport system. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 42 | |
The coenzyme ____ accepts electrons during cellular respiration. |
| | A) | NAD+ |
| | B) | ATP |
| | C) | niacin |
| | D) | zinc |
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| 43 | |
ATP production in the electron transport system depends on _____. |
| | A) | the establishment of an electrochemical gradient |
| | B) | carrier proteins |
| | C) | ATP synthase |
| | D) | all of the above |
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| 44 | |
Electron transport systems used to make ATP are located in the _____. |
| | A) | chloroplasts |
| | B) | nucleus |
| | C) | mitochondria |
| | D) | both A and C |
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| 45 | |
Without __________ organisms, life as we know it could not exist. |
| | A) | photosynthetic |
| | B) | carnivorous |
| | C) | herbivorous |
| | D) | parasitic |
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| 46 | |
Cells that do a lot of active transport have many _____. |
| | A) | mitochondria |
| | B) | nuclei |
| | C) | chloroplasts |
| | D) | plasmids |
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| 47 | |
The exact mechanism of ATP synthesis has been known about for hundreds of years. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 48 | |
Oxidation and reduction reactions always occur at the same time because one molecule accepts the electrons given up by another molecule. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 49 | |
The sodium-potassium pump, associated with muscle and nerve cells, moves Na+ to the outside of the cell and K+ to the inside of the cell. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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| 50 | |
The functioning of the sodium-potassium pump depends upon the availability of ATP. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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