 |
| 1 | |
Over land, most of the water in the atmosphere results from ___________, whereas over the oceans, most of the water in the atmosphere results from ____________.
|
| | A) | evaporation/transpiration |
| | B) | evaporation/evaporation |
| | C) | transpiration/evaporation |
| | D) | transpiration/transpiration |
|
|
|
| 2 | |
Which of the statements about groundwater is not accurate?
|
| | A) | In the U.S., groundwater provides 50% of the population with drinking water. |
| | B) | Groundwaters are being depleted faster than they can be recharged. |
| | C) | Groundwaters are becoming increasingly polluted. |
| | D) | Removal of pollutants from groundwaters is easily achieved. |
|
|
|
| 3 | |
The largest store of carbon molecules on earth is in
|
| | A) | the atmosphere. |
| | B) | fossil fuels. |
| | C) | marine sediments. |
| | D) | living organisms. |
|
|
|
| 4 | |
Some bacteria have the ability to "fix" nitrogen. This means
|
| | A) | they convert ammonia into nitrites and nitrates. |
| | B) | they convert atmospheric nitrogen gas into biologically useful forms of nitrogen. |
| | C) | they break down nitrogen-rich compounds and release ammonium ions. |
| | D) | they convert nitrate into nitrogen gas. |
|
|
|
| 5 | |
The phosphorous cycle differs from the water, carbon, and nitrogen cycles in that
|
| | A) | the reservoir for phosphorous exists in mineral form in rocks rather than in the atmosphere. |
| | B) | phosphorous is far more abundant than water, carbon, or nitrogen. |
| | C) | phosphorous is less important to biological systems than water, carbon, or nitrogen. |
| | D) | phosphorous, once used by an organism, does not cycle back to the environment. |
|
|
|
| 6 | |
In the Hubbard Brook experiments, which of the following situations did not occur?
|
| | A) | The undisturbed forests were effective at retaining nutrients. |
| | B) | The deforested areas gained nitrogen. |
| | C) | The deforested areas lost more water to runoff than the undisturbed forests. |
| | D) | The deforested areas lost more minerals to runoff than the undisturbed forests. |
|
|
|
| 7 | |
What percentage of the energy that hits a plant's leaves is converted into chemical (food) energy?
|
| | A) | 1% |
| | B) | 5% |
| | C) | 10% |
| | D) | 20% |
|
|
|
| 8 | |
According to the trophic cascade hypothesis, the removal of carnivores from an ecosystem may result in
|
| | A) | a decline in the number of herbivores and a decline in the amount of vegetation. |
| | B) | a decline in the number of herbivores and an increase in the amount of vegetation. |
| | C) | an increase in the number of herbivores and an increase in the amount of vegetation. |
| | D) | an increase in the number of herbivores and a decrease in the amount of vegetation. |
|
|
|
| 9 | |
Experimental evidence from the Cedar Creek Natural History Area supports the hypothesis that
|
| | A) | species richness is related to community stability. |
| | B) | human activities are upsetting the trophic cascade. |
| | C) | bottom-up effects can regulate the number of top carnivores in a system. |
| | D) | some aquatic ecosystems have inverted biomass pyramids. |
|
|
|
| 10 | |
The equilibrium model of island biogeography suggests all of the following except
|
| | A) | larger islands have more species than smaller islands. |
| | B) | the species richness of an island is determined by colonization and extinction. |
| | C) | smaller islands have lower rates of extinction. |
| | D) | islands closer to the mainland will have higher colonization rates. |
|
|
.