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Multiple Choice
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1
The bottom type is an abiotic part of the environment.
A)True
B)False
2
Physiological adaptations can be passed from an individual to its offspring.
A)True
B)False
3
Species that exhibit resource partitioning are likely to be specialists rather than generalists.
A)True
B)False
4
A species' niche is defined as the specific abiotic habitat features to which it is adapted.
A)True
B)False
5
Cleaning associations benefit the cleaner species, which get a steady supply of food, and may benefit the cleaned host by removal of irritating parasites.
A)True
B)False
6
If the primary producers in a particular habitat contain 1 million calories of energy, about 10,000 calories would be expected to make it to the secondary consumers.
A)True
B)False
7
Nutrients are regenerated from detritus and DOM in the oceans by bacteria and fungi.
A)True
B)False
8
Because standing stock and primary productivity are not the same, there can be more herbivores than primary producers.
A)True
B)False
9
Nitrogen and carbon are often limiting factors because each forms a relatively inert gas that few organisms can extract from the atmosphere.
A)True
B)False
10
Most primary producers in the oceans obtain their nitrogen from recycled nitrogen compounds rather than from nitrogen gas.
A)True
B)False
11
Most of the phosphorus entering the ocean is brought in by rivers.
A)True
B)False
12
Life on the floor of the continental shelf below the low tide level is called neritic.
A)True
B)False
13
The mesopelagic is the open-ocean zone that has enough sunlight for some vision but not enough for photosynthesis.
A)True
B)False
14
Maintenance of biodiversity is of importance to humans because ecosystem efficiency may decline as species are lost.
A)True
B)False
15
Which of the following are potential problems in achieving a significant reduction in the rate of the loss of biodiversity?
A)The word "significant" has not been adequately defined.
B)Scientists have been unable to measure the rate of loss of biodiversity.
C)Governments have not committed funding to study the loss of biodiversity.
D)All of the above.
16
The relationship in which two co-habiting or cooperating organisms benefit each other is called
A)symbiosis.
B)coevolution.
C)commensalism.
D)mutualism.
17
Primary productivity in the oceans commonly is determined by measuring
A)the amount of radioactive carbon dioxide used up in a clear bottle of seawater in sunlight in comparison to that in a dark bottle.
B)the amount of chlorophyll in the water by fluorescence or satellite cameras.
C)the amount of oxygen used up in a clear bottle of seawater in sunlight in comparison to that in a dark bottle.
D)both a and b
E)both b and c





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