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Multiple Choice
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1
The deep oceans generally are low in oxygen because they are so far removed from the sources of this gas (the atmosphere and photic zone).
A)True
B)False
2
The deep sea, which is characterized by no sunlight, begins at about 200 m deep.
A)True
B)False
3
The most common fish species of the mesopelagic is characterized by a small size, many sharp teeth, and a row of ventral (belly) photophores.
A)True
B)False
4
Mesopelagic fishes have evolved into very narrow dietary specialists due to intense competition for limited food.
A)True
B)False
5
Vertically migrating mesopelagic fishes have well developed muscles while the non-migrating ones have flabby, weak ones.
A)True
B)False
6
Vertical migrators come up to the surface to feed in the daylight and go down to the mesopelagic depths at night to rest.
A)True
B)False
7
The tubular eyes of some mesopelagic fishes provide acute vision but only in one direction.
A)True
B)False
8
Zooplankton of the mesopelagic often are orange, red, or purple in color as a means for mates to see and identify each other in the dim light.
A)True
B)False
9
In an experiment with a mesopelagic shrimp with blinders, the animal increased the light output of its ventral (underside) photophores when exposed to brighter light.
A)True
B)False
10
Deep water masses of the ocean originate mainly from the polar waters of the Atlantic Ocean.
A)True
B)False
11
Fishes of the deep pelagic, such as the anglerfish, cruise constantly in search of scarce food.
A)True
B)False
12
In male parasitism in deep-sea anglerfish, a male attaches to a female and sucks the blood out of her before detaching and moving on to another female.
A)True
B)False
13
The Oxygen Minimum Layer results from respiration and bacterial decay coupled with lack of photosynthesis.
A)True
B)False
14
High pressure and food availability are two major factors thought to lead to zonation in the deep sea.
A)True
B)False
15
The deep-sea benthos is dominated by suspension feeders trapping the fine rain of detritus from above.
A)True
B)False
16
The deep-sea benthos is dominated by meiofauna, echinoderms, crustaceans, polychaetes, and bivalves.
A)True
B)False
17
The number of benthic animal species tends to decline with increasing depth due to the uniform stable habitat of the deepest regions.
A)True
B)False
18
Fishes of the deep benthos such as rattails (grenadiers) cruise constantly in search of scarce food.
A)True
B)False
19
Like most benthic life in the oceans, deep-sea benthic invertebrates typically produce millions of larvae that drift in the epipelagic plankton before settling down as adults.
A)True
B)False
20
By use of a species accumulation curve, biologists have found that the deep sea contains relatively few species.
A)True
B)False
21
The giant tubeworms of hydrothermal vents gather DOM as nutrition for their symbiotic bacteria.
A)True
B)False
22
Hydrogen sulfide and oxygen at the hydrothermal vents can be considered analogous to water and sunlight in photosynthesis.
A)True
B)False
23
Unusual shrimp found around some Atlantic hydrothermal vents have light-sensitive patches on their upper surface that may help them find vents.
A)True
B)False
24
Cold-water seeps are communities based on bacteria that utilize hydrogen sulfide and methane.
A)True
B)False
25
Larvae of hydrothermal vent animals are thought to crawl along a rift valley until they encounter a suitable vent.
A)True
B)False
26
Deep-sea bacteria will grow much faster if they are moved up to shallow, warmer waters.
A)True
B)False
27
Mesopelagic organisms are dominated by
A)cnidarians, chaetognaths, crustaceans, fishes, and squids.
B)diatoms, copepods, chaetognaths, and fishes.
C)copepods, cephalopods, and large fishes.
D)none of the above
28
Which are features of animals of the deep sea benthos?
A)All are much smaller than shallow-water species.
B)They always move slowly, even if a large piece of food is nearby.
C)They have short life spans.
D)None of the above.
29
Bioluminescence in mesopelagic and deep pelagic animals is thought to be used for
A)distracting predators.
B)blending an animal's body into the background light.
C)luring prey.
D)all of the above
E)both a and b







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