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GENERAL INTEREST

Bindschadler, R. A. and C. R. Bentley. "On Thin Ice." Scientific American 287 (Dec. 2002): 98–105. There is growing evidence that Antarctica's ice sheet is melting faster than it is accumulating. West Antarctica's ice sheet would raise the global sea level by 5 m (16 feet) if it melts completely.

Broecker, W. S. "Glaciers That Speak in Tongues and Other Tales of Ocean Warming." Natural History 110.8 (Oct. 2001): 60–69. The retreat of glaciers and of summit ice is evidence of global warming.

Griffin, D. W., C. A. Kellogg, V. H. Garrison and E. A. Shinn. "The Global Transport of Dust." American Scientist 90.3 (May–June 2002): 228–235. Dust that blows into the oceans from deserts endangers coral reefs.

Holloway, M. "Sea Sick." Discover 22.2 (Feb. 2001): 44–51. Accumulation of PCBs in the tissues of killer whales is threatening populations along the Pacific coast of North America.

Kelsey, E. "Toxic Tide." New Scientist 175.2358 (31 August 2002): 42–43. Pet parasites are ultimately infecting California sea otters.

McGrath, S. "Color Blindness." Audubon 105.4 (Dec. 2003): 66–72. Bleaching and other stresses threaten coral reefs around the planet.

Simpson, S. "Fishy Business." Scientific American 285.1 (July 2001): 82–89. The harvest of tropical fish for the aquarium trade by using cyanide is a very serious threat to coral reefs in Southeast Asia.

Valiela, I., J. L. Bowen and J. K. York. "Mangrove Forests: One of the World's Threatened Major Tropical Environments." BioScience 51.10 (Oct. 2001): 807–815. The many anthropogenic impacts to mangrove forests are reviewed.

Williams, T. "The Exhausted Sea." Audubon 105.3 (July–Sept. 2003): 42–48. Policies regulating the use of marine resources in the United States need to be revised.

Wolanski, E., R. Richmond, L. McCook and H. Sweatman. "Mud, Marine Snow, and Coral Reefs." American Scientist 91.1 (Jan.–Feb. 2003): 44–51. Conservation and management of resources on sea and land are needed to help prevent the harmful effects of sedimentation on coral reefs.

Wright, K. "Watery Grave." Discover 24.10 (Oct. 2003): 46–51. Not all scientists agree that fertilization of the ocean may help decrease carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and hence decrease the effects of global warming.

IN DEPTH

Agardy, T. "Creating Havens for Marine Life." Issues in Science and Technology 16 (1999): 37–44.

Burgen, L. K. and M. H. Carr. "Establishing Marine Reserves." Environment 45.2 (2003): 8–19.

Cloern, J. E. "Our Evolving Conceptual Model of the Coastal Eutrophication Problem." Marine Ecology Progress Series 210 (2001): 223–253.

Coleman, F. C. and S. L. Williams. "Overexploiting Marine Ecosystem Engineers: Potent Consequences to Biodiversity." Trends in Ecology and Evolution 17 (2002): 40–44.

Hooker, S. K. and L. R. Gerber. "Marine Reserves as a Tool for Ecosystem-based Management: The Potential Importance of Megafauna. BioScience 54.1 (Jan. 2004): 27–39.

Jones, W. R. "Prospects for Pollution Reduction by Bioremediation in the Marine Environment." Ocean Yearbook 16 (2002): 463–471.

Páez-Osuna, F. "The Environmental Impact of Shrimp Aquaculture: Causes, Effects, and Mitigating Alternatives." Environmental Management 28 (2001): 131–140.

Peterson, C. H. "The Exxon Valdez Oil Spill in Alaska: Acute, Indirect, and Chronic Effects on the Ecosystem." Advances in Marine Biology 39 (2001): 1–103.

Peterson, C. H. and J. A. Estes. Conservation and Management of Marine Communities." In: Marine Community Ecology (M. D. Bertness, S. D. Gaines and M. E. Hay, eds.) (2001): 469–507. Sinauer, Sunderland, Mass.

Rabelais, N. N., R. E. Turner and W. J. Wiseman. "Gulf of Mexico Hypoxia, a.k.a. 'The dead zone." Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 33 (2002): 235–263.

Richardson, L. L. "Coral Diseases: What is Really Known." Trends in Ecology and Evolution 13 (1998): 438–443.

Ruiz, G. M., P. W. Fofonoff, J. T. Carlton, M. J. Wonham and A. H. Hines. "Invasion of Coastal Marine Communities in North America: Apparent Patterns, Processes, and Biases. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 31 (2000): 481–531.

Steneck, R. S. and J. T. Carlton. "Human Alterations of Marine Communities. Students Beware!" In: Marine Community Ecology (M. D. Bertness, S. D. Gaines and M. E. Hay, eds.) (2001): 445–458. Sinauer, Sunderland, Mass.

Thrush, S. F. and P. K. Dayton. "Disturbance to Marine Benthic Habitats by Trawling and Dredging: Implications for Marine Biodiversity." Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 33 (2002): 449–473.








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