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1 | |
Dietary sources of minerals include |
| | A) | plant foods |
| | B) | animal foods |
| | C) | drinking water |
| | D) | both a and b |
| | E) | all of the above |
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2 | |
Calcium has a role in |
| | A) | tooth formation |
| | B) | muscle contraction |
| | C) | blood clotting |
| | D) | both a and b |
| | E) | all of the above |
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3 | |
Osteoporosis is most commonly seen in |
| | A) | elderly women |
| | B) | teenage athletes |
| | C) | school age children |
| | D) | young adult female athletes |
| | E) | men |
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4 | |
Heme iron is found mainly in |
| | A) | plant foods |
| | B) | animal foods |
| | C) | iron cookware |
| | D) | fortified cereals |
| | E) | all of the above |
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5 | |
The most common mineral deficiency in the United States is |
| | A) | sodium |
| | B) | iron |
| | C) | chromium |
| | D) | potassium |
| | E) | boron |
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6 | |
Research indicates that Iron supplementation is most likely to improve performance in individuals with |
| | A) | iron deficiency anemia |
| | B) | iron deficiency without anemia |
| | C) | normal iron status |
| | D) | pernicious anemia |
| | E) | hemochromatosis |
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7 | |
All of the following are trace (micro) minerals except |
| | A) | iron |
| | B) | copper |
| | C) | sodium |
| | D) | chromium |
| | E) | zinc |
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8 | |
The first stage of a mineral deficiency is |
| | A) | biochemical deficiency stage |
| | B) | preliminary stage |
| | C) | physiological deficiency stage |
| | D) | subclinical malnutrition stage |
| | E) | clinically manifest deficiency stage |
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9 | |
Factors that may influence peak bone mass include |
| | A) | heredity |
| | B) | estrogen status |
| | C) | dietary intake |
| | D) | physical activity |
| | E) | all of the above |
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10 | |
The female athlete triad includes the following conditions |
| | A) | disordered eating behavior |
| | B) | amenorrhea |
| | C) | osteoporosis |
| | D) | both b and c |
| | E) | all of the above |
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11 | |
The most abundant mineral in the body is |
| | A) | calcium |
| | B) | phosphorous |
| | C) | sodium |
| | D) | chromium |
| | E) | iron |
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12 | |
A food label states that the product contains 20% of the Daily Value for calcium. The Daily Value for calcium is 1000 mg, therefore this product contains ____ calcium. |
| | A) | 2 g |
| | B) | 20 mg |
| | C) | 200 mg |
| | D) | 2,000 |
| | E) | 20,000 |
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13 | |
The optimal time of life to help optimize bone mass by consuming adequate calcium and proper exercise is during |
| | A) | childhood and adolescent years |
| | B) | young adulthood (20-39 years) |
| | C) | middle age (40-50 years) |
| | D) | early old age (55-65 years) |
| | E) | old age (75 years and above) |
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14 | |
Which mineral, when supplemented to the diet of well-nourished athletes, has the most support from well-controlled studies as an effective ergogenic aid? |
| | A) | zinc supplements |
| | B) | copper supplements |
| | C) | selenium supplements |
| | D) | phosphate salt supplements |
| | E) | vanadium supplements |
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15 | |
Excess intake of iron may be pathological because it may accumulate in the liver and cause cirrhosis. The term used to describe excess iron accumulation in the body is |
| | A) | anemia |
| | B) | polycythemia |
| | C) | erythrocythemia |
| | D) | hemochromatosis |
| | E) | xeropthalmia |
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16 | |
Which of the following hormones is least associated with calcium metabolism in the body? |
| | A) | parathormone |
| | B) | vitamin D (hormone form) |
| | C) | calcitonin |
| | D) | estrogen |
| | E) | osteoblastin |
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17 | |
A food poor in iron is |
| | A) | liver |
| | B) | whole wheat bread |
| | C) | milk |
| | D) | fish |
| | E) | poultry |
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18 | |
Which food exchange is the best source of zinc, iron, and copper in regards to the concept of bioavailability? |
| | A) | milk |
| | B) | meat |
| | C) | starch/bread |
| | D) | fruit |
| | E) | vegetable |
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19 | |
Approximately how much calcium is found in one glass (8 fluid ounces) of milk? |
| | A) | 50 milligrams |
| | B) | 100 milligrams |
| | C) | 300 milligrams |
| | D) | 800 milligrams |
| | E) | 1,200 milligrams |
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20 | |
Which two minerals are thought to assist with the functions of insulin? |
| | A) | iron and copper |
| | B) | iron and zinc |
| | C) | iron and chromium |
| | D) | chromium and zinc |
| | E) | chromium and vanadium |
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21 | |
Who has the lesser need for iron as specified by the RDA? |
| | A) | adolescent boys |
| | B) | adolescent girls |
| | C) | young adult females |
| | D) | adult males |
| | E) | female distance runners |
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22 | |
Which of the following statements concerning trace minerals is false? |
| | A) | copper and iron are needed for optimal functioning of the red blood cell |
| | B) | selenium works as an antioxidant with one of the vitamins |
| | C) | chromium appears to be essential in the use of blood glucose |
| | D) | zinc is part of numerous metalloenzymes |
| | E) | mercury is essential for carbohydrate metabolism |
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23 | |
Which statement does not describe the role of minerals in the body? |
| | A) | they give teeth and bone their rigidity and strength |
| | B) | they help regulate body processes |
| | C) | they are constituents in soft tissues |
| | D) | they are a source of caloric energy |
| | E) | they help to maintain acid-base balance |
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24 | |
By definition, which of the following is not classified as a major mineral, or macromineral? |
| | A) | iron |
| | B) | calcium |
| | C) | phosphorus |
| | D) | magnesium |
| | E) | chloride |
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25 | |
In order to increase the absorption of iron in the gastrointestinal tract, vegetarians should eat iron-rich plant foods with which of the following? |
| | A) | vitamin C |
| | B) | calcium |
| | C) | phytic acid |
| | D) | vitamin D |
| | E) | zinc |
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