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| 1 | _____________ is defined as inflammation of the pericardium, which can produce sharp, substernal chest pain. |
 | A) | pleuritis |
| B) | pericarditis |
| C) | cardiac tamponade |
| D) | pulmonary embolism |
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| 2 | Initially with pericarditis the T wave is: |
| A) | upright and may be elevated |
| B) | inverted |
| C) | flat and symmetrical |
| D) | wider than normal |
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| 3 | The ST segment in pericarditis is: |
| A) | depressed |
| B) | normal |
| C) | elevated and usually flat or concave |
| D) | slightly elevated |
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| 4 | ECG changes that occur in pericarditis differ from those seen with myocardial infarction in which of the following ways? |
| A) | The ST segment and T wave changes in pericarditis are present in all leads while those of myocardial infarction are localized to the affected myocardium. |
| B) | In pericarditis, T wave inversion is usually seen before ST segment normalization. In myocardial infarction, T wave inversion usually occurs only after the ST segments have returned to baseline. |
| C) | In pericarditis the development of a Q wave occurs sooner than in myocardial infarction. |
| D) | All of the above |
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| 5 | Substantial pericardial effusion seen with pericarditis can cause which of the following changes in the ECG? |
| A) | tall R waves in the chest leads |
| B) | low-voltage QRS complexes in all leads |
| C) | electrical alternans |
| D) | b & c |
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| 6 | An acute blockage of one of the pulmonary arteries that leads to obstruction of blood flow to the lung segment supplied by the artery is called a: |
| A) | pulmonary embolism |
| B) | pericarditis |
| C) | coronary thrombosis |
| D) | cardiac tamponade |
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| 7 | The characteristic ECG changes seen with massive pulmonary embolus include: |
| A) | ST segment depression, flattening of the T wave, and appearance of U waves |
| B) | electrical alternas |
| C) | a large S wave in lead I, a deep Q wave in lead III, and an inverted T wave in lead III |
| D) | a gradual downward curve of the ST segment |
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| 8 | Due to the increased pressure in the pulmonary artery caused by the embolus, the right atrium and ventricle become distended and unable to function properly, leading to: |
| A) | cardiogenic shock |
| B) | right heart failure |
| C) | pulmonary hypotension |
| D) | electrical alternas |
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| 9 | The most common dysrhythmias seen with massive pulmonary embolism include: |
| A) | sinus tachycardia, atrial fibrillation |
| B) | 3rd degree AV heart block, atrial flutter |
| C) | sinus bradycardia, sinus dysrhythmia |
| D) | multifocal atrial tachycardia, junctional escape rhythm |
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| 10 | Pacemakers can be of tremendous clinical benefit in various circumstances including: |
| A) | 3rd-degree (complete) AV heart block |
| B) | symptomatic 2nd-degree AV heart block, particularly Type II |
| C) | recurrent tachycardias that can be overdriven |
| D) | all of the above |
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| 11 | The demand pacemaker: |
| A) | is the most widely used pacemaker |
| B) | only fires when the patient's intrinsic heart rate falls below 50 beats per minute |
| C) | can be self regulated by the patient |
| D) | is only effective in managing bradycardic dysrhythmias |
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| 12 | The firing of a pacemaker produces a/an _______ on the ECG. |
| A) | upright, notched P wave |
| B) | large U wave |
| C) | large biphasic complex |
| D) | small spike |
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| 13 | With a ventricular pacemaker, the resulting QRS complex is: |
| A) | wide and bizarre |
| B) | biphasic |
| C) | narrow and notched |
| D) | low amplitude |
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| 14 | Key characteristics of hyperkalemia include: |
| A) | narrow QRS complexes |
| B) | sine-wave pattern |
| C) | inverted T waves |
| D) | tall P waves |
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| 15 | Key characteristics of hypokalemia include: |
| A) | flattened P waves |
| B) | 1st-degree AV heart block |
| C) | deepened S waves |
| D) | appearance of U waves |
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| 16 | Effects of digoxin include it: |
| A) | stimulates the parasympathetic nervous system |
| B) | increases myocardial contractility and improves the heart's pumping ability |
| C) | speeds the heart rate and AV conduction |
| D) | a & c |
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| 17 | Pericarditis can lead to changes in the ECG. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 18 | The pain associated with pericarditis has an abrupt onset that worsens when the patient is sitting up and leaning forward. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 19 | The demand pacemaker is the most widely used pacemaker. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 20 | Increases or decreases in the potassium and calcium serum levels have little effect on the ECG. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 21 | In hypocalcemia the QT interval is slightly prolonged. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 22 | Torsades de pointes, a variant of ventricular tachycardia, is seen in patients with shortened QT intervals. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 23 | Digoxin slows the influx of calcium while allowing a greater influx of sodium. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 24 | A characteristic gradual downward curve of the ST segment is seen with digoxin. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 25 | Digoxin levels greater than the therapeutic range can cause any dysrhythmia because it increases the automatic behavior of all cardiac conducting cells causing them to act more like pacemakers. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |