| associative models of memory | A technique of recalling information by thinking about related information (Module 18)
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| chunk | A meaningful grouping of stimuli that can be stored as a unit in short-term memory (Module 18)
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| declarative memory | Memory for factual information: names, faces, dates, and the like (Module 18)
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| echoic memory | Memory which stores auditory information coming from the ears (Module 18)
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| episodic memory | Memory for the biographical details of our individual lives (Module 18)
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| explicit memory | Intentional or conscious recollection of information (Module 18)
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| iconic memory | Memory which reflects information from our visual system (Module 18)
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| implicit memory | Memories of which people are not consciously aware, but which can affect subsequent performance and behavior (Module 18)
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| long-term memory | Memory that stores information on a relatively permanent basis, although it may be difficult to retrieve (Module 18)
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| memory | The process by which we encode, store, and retrieve information (Module 18)
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| priming | A phenomenon in which exposure to a word or concept (called a prime ) later makes it easier to recall related information, even when there is no conscious memory of the word or concept (Module 18)
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| procedural memory | Memory for skills and habits, such as riding a bike or hitting a baseball, sometimes referred to as “nondeclarative memory” (Module 18)
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| rehearsal | The repetition of information that has entered short-term memory (Module 18)
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| semantic memory | Memory for general knowledge and facts about the world, as well as memory for the rules of logic that are used to deduce other facts (Module 18)
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| sensory memory | The initial, momentary storage of information, lasting only an instant (Module 18)
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| short-term memory | Memory that holds information for 15 to 25 seconds (Module 18)
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| working memory | A set of active, temporary memory stores that rehearse information (Module 18)
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| autobiographical memories | Our recollections of circumstances and episodes from our own lives (Module 19)
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| constructive processes | Processes in which memories are influenced by the meaning that we give to events (Module 19)
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| flashbulb memories | Memory for general knowledge and facts about the world, as well as memory for the rules of logic that are used to deduce other facts (Module 19)
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| levels-of-processing theory | The theory of memory that emphasizes the degree to which new material is mentally analyzed (Module 19)
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| schemas | Organized bodies of information stored in memory that bias the way new information is interpreted, stored, and recalled (Module 19)
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| tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon | The inability to recall information that one realizes one knows—a result of the difficulty of retrieving information from long-term memory (Module 19)
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| cue-dependent forgetting | Forgetting that occurs when there are insufficient retrieval cues to rekindle information that is in memory (Module 20)
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| decay | The loss of information in memory through its nonuse (Module 20)
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| interference | The phenomenon by which information in memory displaces or blocks out other information, preventing its recall (Module 20)
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| memory trace | An actual physical change in the brain that occurs when new material is learned (Module 20)
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