| cognitive perspective on psychological disorders | The perspective that suggests that people's thoughts and beliefs are a central component of abnormal behavior (Module 37)
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| Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV-TR) | A system devised by the American Psychiatric Association used by most professionals to diagnose and classify abnormal behavior (Module 37)
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| humanistic perspective | The perspective that emphasizes the responsibility that people have for their own behavior, even when such behavior is abnormal (Module 37)
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| medical perspective | The perspective that suggests that when an individual displays symptoms of abnormal behavior, the root cause will be found in a physical examination of the individual, which may reveal a hormonal imbalance, a chemical deficiency, or a brain injury (Module 37)
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| psychoanalytic perspective | The perspective that suggests that abnormal behavior stems from childhood conflicts over opposing wishes regarding sex and aggression (Module 37)
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| sociocultural perspective | The perspective that makes the assumption that people's behavior—both normal and abnormal—is shaped by the kind of family group, society, and culture in which they live (Module 37)
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| antisocial personality disorder | A disorder in which individuals tend to display no regard for the moral and ethical rules of society or the rights of others (Module 38)
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| anxiety disorder | The occurrence of anxiety without obvious external cause, affecting daily functioning (Module 38)
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| attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) | A learning disability marked by inattention, impulsiveness, a low tolerance for frustration, and a great deal of inappropriate activity (Module 38)
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| behavioral perspective on psychological disorders | The perspective that looks at the behavior itself as the problem (Module 38)
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| bipolar disorder | A disorder in which a person alternates between periods of euphoric feelings of mania and periods of depression (Module 38)
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| borderline personality disorder | A disorder in which individuals have difficulty in developing a secure sense of who they are (Module 38)
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| compulsion | An irresistible urge to repeatedly carry out some act that seems strange and unreasonable (Module 38)
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| conversion disorder | A major somatoform disorder that involves an actual physical disturbance, such as the inability to use a sensory organ or the complete or partial inability to move an arm or leg (Module 38)
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| dissociative amnesia | A disorder in which a significant, selective memory loss occurs (Module 38)
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| dissociative disorder | Psychological dysfunctions characterized by the separation of critical personality facets that are normally integrated, allowing stress avoidance by escape (Module 38)
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| dissociative identity disorder (or multiple personality) | A disorder in which a person displays characteristics oftwo or more distinct personalities (Module 38)
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| generalized anxiety disorder | The experience of long-term, persistent anxiety and worry (Module 38)
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| hypochondriasis | A disorder in which people have a constant fear of illness and a preoccupation with their health (Module 38)
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| major depression | A severe form of depression that interferes with concentration, decision making, and sociability (Module 38)
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| mania | An extended state of intense, wild elation (Module 38)
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| narcissistic personality disorder | A personality disturbance which is characterized by an exaggerated sense of self-importance (Module 38)
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| obsession | A persistant, unwanted thought or idea that keeps recurring (Module 38)
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| obsessive-compulsive disorder | A disorder characterized by obsessions or compulsions (Module 38)
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| panic disorder | Anxiety that reveals itself in the form of panic attacks that last from a few seconds to as long as several hours (Module 38)
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| personality disorder | A mental disorder characterized by a set of inflexible, maladaptive personality traits that keep a person from functioning properly in society (Module 38)
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| phobias | Intense, irrational fears of specific objects or situations (Module 38)
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| schizophrenia | A class of disorders in which severe distortion of reality occurs (Module 38)
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| somatoform disorder | Psychological difficulties that take on a physical (somatic) form, but for which there is no medical cause (Module 38)
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