| assumed-similarity bias | The tendency to think of people as being similar to oneself, even when meeting them for the first time (Module 43)
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| attitude | A learned evaluation of a particular person, behavior, belief, or thing (Module 43)
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| attribution theory | The theory of personality that seeks to explain how we decide, on the basis of samples of an individual's behavior, what the specific causes of that person's behavior are (Module 43)
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| central route processing | Message interpretation characterized by thoughtful consideration of the issues and arguments used to persuade (Module 43)
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| central traits | The major traits considered in forming impressions of others (Module 43)
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| cognitive dissonance | The conflict that occurs when a person holds two attitudes or thoughts (referred to as cognitions ) that contradict each other (Module 43)
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| dispositional causes (of behavior) | Aperceived cause of behavior that is based on internal traits or personality factors (Module 43)
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| fundamental attribution error | A tendency to attribute others' behavior to dispositional causes and the tendency to minimize the importance of situational causes (Module 43)
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| halo effect | A phenomenon in which an initial understanding that a person has positive traits is used to infer other uniformly positive characteristics (Module 43)
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| peripheral route processing | Message interpretation characterized by consideration of the source and related general information rather than of the message itself (Module 43)
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| schemas | Sets of cognitions about people and social experiences (Module 43)
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| self-serving bias | The tendency to attribute personal success to personal factors (skill, ability, or effort) and to attribute failure to factors outside of oneself (Module 43)
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| situational causes (of behavior) | A perceived cause of behavior that is based on environmental factors (Module 43)
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| social cognition | The cognitive processes by which people understand and make sense of others and themselves (Module 43)
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| social psychology | The study of how people's thoughts, feelings, and actions are affected by others (Module 43)
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| compliance | Behavior that occurs in response to direct social pressure (Module 44)
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| conformity | A change in behavior or attitudes brought about by a desire to follow the beliefs or standards of other people (Module 44)
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| industrial-organizational (I/O) psychology | The branch of psychology focusing on work and job-related issues, including productivity, job satisfaction, decision-making, and consumer behavior (Module 44)
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| obedience | A change in behavior due to the commands of others (Module 44)
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| social influence | The process by which the actions of an individual or group affect the behavior of others (Module 44)
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| social supporter | A person who shares an unpopular opinion or attitude of another group member, thereby encouraging nonconformity (Module 44)
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| status | The social rank held within a group (Module 44)
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| discrimination | Behavior directed toward individuals based on their membership in a particular group (Module 45)
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| prejudice | The negative (or positive) evaluations of groups and their members (Module 45)
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| stereotypes | Generalized beliefs and expectations about social groups and their members (Module 45)
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| aggression | Intentional injury or harm to another person (Module 46)
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| altruism | Helping behavior that is beneficial to others but clearly requires self-sacrifice (Module 46)
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| catharsis | The process of discharging built-up aggressive energy (Module 46)
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| companionate love | The strong affection that we have for those with whom our lives are deeply involved (Module 46)
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| diffusion of responsibility | The tendency for people to feel that responsibility for acting is shared, or diffused, among those present (Module 46)
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| frustration | The thwarting or blocking of some ongoing, goal-directed behavior (Module 46)
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| reciprocity-of-liking effect | A tendency to like those who like us (Module 46)
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| interpersonal attraction (or close relationship) | Positive feelings for others; liking and loving (Module 46)
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| need-complementarity hypothesis | The hypothesis that people are attracted to others who fulfill their needs (Module 46)
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| passionate (or romantic) love | A state of intense absorption in someone that includes intense physiological arousal, psychological interest, and caring for the needs of another (Module 46)
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| prosocial behavior | Helping behavior (Module 46)
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