Bibliographical:

The complete text of the timeline appended to Brunner’s article can be viewed at:

Cultural:

Here's a comprehensive look at the history of governmental affirmative action policies.

Are there any alternatives to Affirmative Action? Here's a November 2000 article by Michael Dorf, Vice Dean and Professor of Law at Columbia University that examines the concept of “affirmative access” a plan developed by George W. Bush while he was governor of Texas and restated by him during the 2000 presidential campaign. What do you think of this proposal? What are its strengths and weaknesses as compared to Affirmative Action?

The Bakke case is a key part of the history of Affirmative Action. Here's the complete text of the opinions in the Bakke case, along with links to other resources concerning this and related cases. An abbreviated version of some of the same material, including the majority opinion written by Justice Powell, can be found here.

How do people across the United States view Affirmative Action? Click here to learn the results, with commentary, of a nationwide Pew Research public opinion survey, given shortly before the Supreme Court Rulings in the University of Michigan admissions policy cases.