| acculturative stress | The negative consequences that result from contact between two distinctive cultural groups.
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| approach/approach | conflict A conflict in which the individual must choose between two attractive stimuli or circumstances.
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| approach/avoidance conflict | A conflict involving a single stimulus or circumstance that has both positive and negative characteristics.
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| avoidance/avoidance conflict | A conflict in which the individual must choose between two unattractive stimuli or circumstances.
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| burnout | A state of physical and emotional exhaustion that includes a hopeless feeling, chronic fatigue, and low energy.
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| catharsis | The release of anger or aggressive energy by directly or vicariously engaging in anger or aggression; the catharsis hypothesis states that behaving angrily or watching others behave angrily reduces subsequent anger.
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| cognitive appraisal | Lazarus' term for individuals' interpretation of the events in their lives as harmful, threatening, or challenging and their determination of whether they have the resources to effectively cope with the events.
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| general adaptation syndrome (GAS) | Selye's term for the common effects on the body when stressors persist. The GAS consists of three stages: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion.
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| hardiness | A personality style characterized by a sense of commitment (rather than alienation), control (rather than powerlessness), and a perception of problems as challenges (rather than threats).
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| post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) | An anxiety disorder that develops through exposure to a traumatic event, severely oppressive situations, severe abuse, and natural and unnatural disasters.
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| psychoneuroimmunology | The scientific field that explores connections among psychological factors (such as attitudes and emotions), the nervous system, and the immune system.
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| stress | The response of individuals to stressors.
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| stressors | The circumstances and events that threaten individuals and tax their coping abilities.
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| Type A behavior pattern | A cluster of characteristics-being excessively competitive, hard-driven, impatient, and hostile-is related to the incidence of heart disease.
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| Type B behavior pattern | Relaxed and easygoing personality.
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