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[1] Terrorism is a resort to violence or a threat of violence on the part of a group seeking to accomplish a purpose against the opposition of constituted authority1. Crucial to the terrorists’ scheme is the exploitation of the media to attract attention to the cause2. Many clandestine organizations around the world have sought to draw attention to their causes--the Irish Republican Army (IRA), committed to the cause of uniting the British counties of Northern Ireland with the Republic of Ireland; Islamic fundamentalists committed to the protection of Islam in its purist form against any Western influence; various Palestinian factions opposed to Israeli occupation or to any Mideast peace settlement; radical groups all over the world seeking an end to capitalism or colonialism or the imposition of one or another form of totalitarian rule3.

[2] From the outset the member states of the United Nations have been concerned about international terrorism because it endangers or takes innocent lives and jeopardize fundamental freedoms, such as the freedom to travel and to congregate for public events. 1 The UN effort to control international terrorism concentrates on removal of the underlying grievances that provoke people to sacrifice human lives, including their own, in an attempt to effect radical changes2. This approach to the control of terrorism is not concerned with the individual motivations of terrorists3. Some of them may be highly motivated idealists; others are recruited for substantial rewards4. The control effort is directed, rather, at the conditions that give rise to terrorism and at the removal of such conditions5.

[from Adler/Mueller/Laufer, Criminology and Criminal Justice, 5E, pp. 269-70]



1

By the authors’ definition, terrorism depends on violence or the threat of violence.
A)True
B)False
2

The media are generally in favor of terrorism.
A)True
B)False
3

According to the authors, terrorists always oppose free and democratic governments.
A)True
B)False
4

The United Nations opposes terrorism because it endangers the lives and basic freedoms of individuals.
A)True
B)False
5

In sentence 1, paragraph 1, “constituted authority” means
A)the Constitution
B)the military
C)legitimate government
D)the judicial system
6

    Many clandestine organizations around the world have sought to draw attention to their causes.
    They arranged the plans for the surprise at clandestine meetings.

In sentence 3, paragraph 1, “clandestine” means
A)terrorist
B)secret
C)violent
D)foreign
7

What approach does the United Nations favor in order to control terrorism?
A)understanding the motives of individual terrorists
B)barring media access to terrorist organizations
C)using the military to root terrorists out
D)improving the conditions that give rise to terrorism
8

Which of the following would make the best title for the passage?
A)Islamic Fundamentalism
B)The Meaning of Terror
C)The United Nations
D)Terrorism: The Problem and Possible Solutions





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