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Cultural Anthropology
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[1] People share society--organized life in groups--with other animals, including baboons, wolves, and even ants.1 Culture, however, is distinctly human.2 Cultures are traditions and customs, transmitted through learning, that govern the beliefs and behavior of the people exposed to them.3 Children learn such a tradition by growing up in a particular society, through a process called enculturation.4 Cultural traditions include customs and opinions, developed over the generations, about proper and improper behavior.5 These traditions answer such questions as : How should we do things? How do we make sense of the world? How do we tell right from wrong? What is right, and what is wrong?6 A culture produces a degree of consistency in behavior and thought among the people who live in a particular society.7

[2] The most critical element of cultural traditions is their transmission through learning rather than through biological inheritance.1 Culture is not itself biological, but it rests on cerain features of human biology.2 For more than a million years, humans have had at least some of the biological capacities on which culture depends.3 These abilities are to learn, to think symbolically, to use language, and to employ tools and other products in organizing their lives and adapting to their environments.4

(Kottak, Cultural Anthropology, 10th edition, p. 5)

1

Ant colonies can be said to have a culture.
A)True
B)False
2

Believing some things to be “right” and some to be “wrong” is one feature of culture.
A)True
B)False
3

“Enculturation” is a biological process.
A)True
B)False
4

The ability to use language is biologically based.
A)True
B)False
5

Culture is made up of the following:
A)traditions
B)customs
C)societies
D)both a and b
6

    The most critical element of cultural traditions is their transmission through learning rather than through biological inheritance.
    The fax transmission came through unclearly.

The word transmission is used here to mean
A)something written
B)something communicated
C)an engine part
D)translation
7

The best definition of “culture” in the article can be found in
A)paragraph 2, sentence 1
B)paragraph 1, sentence 7
C)paragraph 1, sentence 5
D)paragraph 1, sentence 3
8

Which is not true, according to the article?
A)All human societies have culture.
B)All human cultures share the same values.
C)Animals have societies.
D)Animals do not have cultures.





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