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Administering Medications
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[1] Drugs are chemicals that are known to have specific effects on the body. 1. When one of these chemicals comes in contact with body cells, it causes changes in the cell molecules. 2. That is, the chemical combines with or alters the molecules in body cells so as to change the way the cells work. 3. The four main drug actions are depressing, stimulating, destroying cells, and replacing substances. 4.

[2] Drugs do not cause cells to function in entirely new and different ways, however. 1. Usually they either slow down or speed up the ordinary processes that the cells carry out. 2. For example, antihistamines slow the body’s natural reactions to irritation, and stimulants speed up the energy-producing functions of cells. 3.

[3] Some drugs destroy certain cells or parts of cells. 1. For example, some antiobiotics kill disease microorganisms, and fluorouracil (5 FU) and methotrexate kill cancer cells. 2. Other drugs, such as potassium chloride and calcium carbonate, act to replace or supplement the natural substances that the body lacks because of an organ malfunction or poor nutrition. 3. Insulin is a drug taken in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, because the pancreas is unable to produce insulin to maintain normal blood glucose levels. 4.

[from Gauwitz, Administering Medications, 5E, p. 19]

1

All chemicals are drugs.
A)True
B)False
2

The ways cells work are usually altered when we take drugs.
A)True
B)False
3

In some cases, drugs can cure by killing specific cells.
A)True
B)False
4

Some drugs replace substances not properly produced by the body.
A)True
B)False
5

Which of the following is NOT a main drug action?
A)destroying cells
B)multiplying cells
C)stimulating cells
D)depressing cells
6

Antibiotics do which of the following?
A)kill cancer cells
B)supply nutrients to the body
C)produce insulin
D)kill bacteria and other organisms that cause disease
7

    In patients with diabetes mellitus, the pancreas malfunctions and insulin is not produced.
    The inaccurate list of sums was blamed on a malfunctioning computer.

To “malfunction” means
A)to sabotage
B)to fail to work properly
C)to cease functioning
D)to undermine
8

Which of the following would be the best title for this passage:
A)Drugs and How They Work
B)Diseases and Cures
C)Chemicals and How They Work
D)Are Drugs Good For Us?





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