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[1]For centuries, corporal (physical) punishment, such as spanking, has been considered a necessary and even desirable method of disciplining children 1 (Greven, 1991). The use of corporal punishment is legal in every state in America, and it is estimated that 70 to 90 percent of American parents have spanked their children 1 (Straus, 1991). A recent cross-cultural comparision found that individuals in the United States and Canada were among the most favorable toward corporal punishment and remembered it being used by their parents 1{Curran & others, 2001}.

[2]Despite the widespread use of corporal punishment, there have been surprisingly few research studies on physical punishment, and those that have been conducted are correlational (Baumrind, Larzelere, & Cowan, 2002; Benjet & Kazdin, 2003; Kazdin & Benjet, 2003) 1. Clearly, it would be highly unethical to randomly assign parents to either spank or not spank their children in an experimental study1. Recall that cause and effect cannot be determined in a correlational study1. In one correlational study, spanking by parents was linked with children’s antisocial behavior, including cheating, telling lies, being mean to others, bullying, getting into fights, and being disobedient (Strauss, Sugarman, & Giles-Sims, 1997) 1. In a recent study of White, African-American, and Latino families, spanking by parents predicted an increase in children’s problems over time in all three groups (McLoyd & Smith, 2002) 1. However, when parents showed strong emotional support of the child, the link between spanking and child problems was reduced1.

[from Santrock, Psychology, 7E, p. 287]

1

Corporal punishment includes such things as giving children a “time-out,” during which they are to sit quietly for a period of time.
A)True
B)False
2

Citizens of the United States and Canada are more supportive of corporal punishment than people in many other countries.
A)True
B)False
3

Studies exist in which parents are asked to spank their children.
A)True
B)False
4

Children in White families are affected more by spanking than children in African-American or Latino families.
A)True
B)False
5

The material in parentheses after many sentences in this passage refers to
A)the authors of the sentence
B)authorities on corporal punishment
C)studies and papers that support a particular point
D)legal precedent
6

It is a fact that corporal punishment is
A)legal in every state in the U.S.
B)practiced by a minority of parents in the U.S.
C)a desirable form of punishment for children
D)common in every culture
7

The description of studies as “correlational” in paragraph 3, sentence 1 means
A)the studies are all linked
B)the studies are only relatively valid
C)the studies show only a relation between observable events or behaviors, without claiming to show cause and effect
D)the studies clearly demonstrate cause and effect
8

Which of the following is not an example of “antisocial” behavior?
A)bullying
B)b. lying
C)sleeping
D)cheating





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