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Table of Contents (179.0K)

Chapter 1: The Sociological View

• What Is Sociology

The Sociological Imagination
Sociology and the Social Sciences
Sociology and Common Sense


• What is Sociological Theory?
• The Development of Sociology

Early Thinkers: Comte, Martineau, and Spencer
Emile Durkheim
Max Weber
Karl Marx
Modern Developments


• Major Theoretical Perspectives

Functionalist Perspective
Conflict Perspective
Interactionist Perspective
The Sociological Approach


• What Is the Scientific Method?

Defining the Problem
Reviewing the Literature
Formulating the Hypothesis
Collecting and Analyzing Data
Developing the Conclusion
In Summary: The Scientific Method


• Major Research Designs

Surveys
Observation
Experiments
Use of Existing Sources


• Ethics of Research

Applied and Clinical Sociology


• Summary

Chapter 2: Culture and Socialization

• Culture and Society
• Development of Culture around the World

Cultural Universals
Innovation
Globalization, Diffusion, and Technology


• Elements of Culture

Language
Norms
Sanctions
Values


• Culture and the Dominant Ideology
• Cultural Variation

Subcultures
Countercultures
Culture Shock
Ethnocentrism
Cultural Relativism


• The Role of Socialization

Environment: The Impact of Isolation
Heredity: The Impact of Biology


• The Self and Socialization

Cooley: Looking Class Self
Mead: stages of the Self
Mead: Theory of the Self
Goffman: Presentation of the Self


• Socialization and the Life Course

The Life Course
Anticipatory Socialization and Resocialization


• Agents of Socialization

Family
School
Peer Group
Mass Media and Technology
Workplace
The State


• Summary

Chapter 3: Social Structure, Groups, and Organizations

• Defining and Reconstructing reality
• Elements of social Structure

Statuses
Social Roles
Groups
Social Networks and Technology
Social Institutions


• Social Structure in Global Perspective

Tonnies's Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft
Lenski's Sociocultural Evolution Approach


• Understanding Organizations

Formal Organizations and Bureaucracies
Characteristics of a Bureaucracy
Bureaucracy and Organizational Culture
The Changing Workplace


• Summary

Chapter 4: Deviance and Social Control

• Social Control

Conformity and Obedience
Informal and Formal Social Control
Law and Society


• What is Deviance?
• Explaining Deviance

Functionalist Perspective
Interactionalist Perspective
Labeling Theory
Conflict Theory
Feminist Perspective


• Crime

Types of Crime
Crime Statistics


• Summary

Chapter 5: Stratification in the United States and Global Inequality

• Understanding Stratification

Systems of Stratification
Perspectives on Stratification
Is Stratification Universal?


• Stratification by Social Class

Measuring Social Class
Wealth and Income
Poverty
Life Chances


• Social Mobility

Open versus Closed Stratification Systems
Types of Social Mobility
Social Mobility and the United States


• Global Inequality

Legacy of Colonialism
Globalization
Multinational Corporations
Modernization


• Summary

Chapter 6: Inequality by Race and Ethnicity

• The Privileges of the Dominant
• The Social Construction of Race and Ethnicity
• Race, Ethnicity, and Minority Groups

Minority Groups
Race
Ethnicity


• Immigration and New Ethnic Groups

History of Immigration
Functions of Immigration
The Conflict Approach to Immigration


• Explaining Inequality by Race and Ethnicity

The Functionalist View
The Conflict Response
The Interactionist Approach


• Pattern of Prejudice and Discrimination

Discriminatory Behavior
Institutional Discrimination
Measuring Discrimination


• Summary

Chapter 7: Inequality of Gender

• The Social Construction of Gender

Gender-Role Socialization
Women's and Men's Gender Roles
A Cross-Cultural Perspective


• Explaining Inequality by Gender

The Functionalist View
The Conflict Response
The Feminist Perspective
The Interactionist Perspective


• Women: The Oppressed Majority

Sexism and Sex Discrimination
Sexual Harassment
The Status of Women Worldwide
Women in the Workforce of the United States
The Social Consequences of Women's Employment


• The Double Jeopardy of Minority Women
• Summary

Chapter 8: Social Institutions: Family and Religion

• Studying Social Institutions

Functionalist View
Conflict View
Interactionist View


• The Family: A Global View

Composition: What Is the Family?
Kinship Patterns: To Whom Are We Related?
Authority Patterns: Who Rules?


• Studying the Family

Functionalist View
Conflict View
Interactionist View
Feminist View


• Religion as a Social Institution

The Integrative Function of Religion
Religion and Social Support
Religion and Social Change
Religion and Social Control: A Conflict View


• Religious Behavior

Belief
Ritual
Experience


• Summary

Chapter 9: Social Institutions: Education, Government, and the Economy

• Sociological Perspectives on Education

Functionalist View

Chapter 10: Population, Community, Health, and the Environment

• Demography: The Study of Population

Malthus's thesis and Marx's Response
Studying Population Today
Elements of Demography


• How did Communities Originate?

Early Communities
Preindustrial Cities
Industrial and Postindustrial Cities


• Urbanization and Its Consequences

Functionalist View: Urban Ecology
Conflict View: New Urban Sociology


• Health and Illness: Sociological Perspectives

Functionalist Approach
Conflict Approach
Interactionist Approach
Labeling Approach


• Social Epidemiology

Social Class
Race and Ethnicity
Gender
Age


• The Environment: The World and Our Place In It

Environmental Problems: An Overview
Human Ecology
A Conflict View of Environmental Issues
Environmental Justice


• Summary

Chapter 11: Social Movements, Social Change, and Technology

• Social Movements

The Relative Deprivation Approach
The Resource Mobilization Approach
Gender and Social Movements
New Social Movements


• Theories of Social Change

Evolutionary Theory
Functionalist Theory
Conflict Theory
Global Social Change


• Resistance to Social Change

Economic and Cultural Factors
Resistance to Technology


• Technology and the Future

Computer Technology
Biotechnology


• Technology and Society

Culture and Social Interaction
Social Control
Stratification and Inequality


• Summary

• Glossary
• References
• Acknowledgments
• Photo Credits
• Index