McGraw-Hill OnlineMcGraw-Hill Higher EducationLearning Center
Student Center | Instructor Center | Information Center | Home
Enhancement Chapters
Virtual Classroom
Biology 6/e Web Links
Interactive Maps
Virtual Labs
Journal Web Links
Author's Bookshelf
eLearning Sessions
Multiple Choice
Answers to Review Questions
Feedback
Help Center


Biology, 6/e
Author Dr. George B. Johnson, Washington University
Author Dr. Peter H. Raven, Missouri Botanical Gardens & Washington University
Contributor Dr. Susan Singer, Carleton College
Contributor Dr. Jonathan Losos, Washington University

Community Ecology

Multiple Choice Quiz

Please answer all questions



1

The realized niche of an organism is
A)the area a species can occupy in the face of exploitive competition
B)the habitat of a species within a community resulting from clumping
C)the habitat that exists in nature as opposed to the ideal
D)the life pattern that the organism actually assumes
2

Gause's principle of competitive exclusion is, essentially,
A)the more abundant species will exclude the less abundant species through competition
B)competition for the same resources excludes species having different life styles
C)no two species can occupy the same niche indefinitely when resources are limited
D)larger organisms exclude smaller ones through competition as in the case of large trees controlling underbrush
3

A barnacle grows on a whale, doing it no harm. This is an example of
A)vitalism
B)mutualism
C)parasitism
D)commensalism
4

Not all parasitism involves feeding on the body of the host. The exception is
A)ectoparasitism
B)endoparasitism
C)parasitoids
D)brood parasitism
5

A lake rich in nutrients and species is classified as
A)dystrophic
B)oligotrophic
C)eutrophic
D)ecotrophic
6

Which of the following helps a prey species avoid being detected by a predator?
A)Mullerian mimicry
B)secondary compounds
C)aposematic coloration
D)cryptic coloration
E)Batesian mimicry
7

Which of the following helps a prey species advertise to predators that it is unpalatable?
A)Beltian bodies
B)primary compounds
C)aposematic coloration
D)cryptic coloration
E)epiphytes
8

Which of the following is an example of a plant chemical defense?
A)primary compound
B)secondary compound
C)cactus spine
D)all of the above
E)none of the above
9

All the organisms that occur in the redwood community
A)make up a single population
B)use the redwoods for food
C)have identical geographic distributions
D)have the same evolutionary history
E)have niches that overlap
10

Which of the following is not an example of symbiosis?
A)monarch butterflies
B)lichens
C)mycorrhizae
D)tapeworms and humans
E)clownfish and sea anemones
11

Which of the following is not an example of coevolution?
A)milkweeds and monarchs
B)Mullerian mimicry
C)mutualism
D)all of the above are examples of coevolution
E)none of the above is an example of coevolution
12

Which of the following is an example of a plant morphological defense?
A)Beltian bodies
B)mustard oils
C)epiphytes
D)"honeydew"
E)silica
13

Milkweeds contain
A)cardiac glycosides
B)stipules
C)mustard oils
D)all of the above
E)none of the above
14

Fighting over shared resources is called
A)character displacement
B)competitive exclusion
C)predation
D)exploitative competition
E)interference competition
15

Which of the following statements about plants and herbivores is true?
A)primary compounds tend to be more toxic than secondary compounds
B)secondary compounds are toxic to all herbivores
C)algae as well as plants produce toxic chemical compounds
D)herbivores that can tolerate a particular secondary compound usually feed on a wide variety of plant species
E)all of the above are true
16

Why are monarch butterflies toxic?
A)they incorporate the toxic chemicals from the milkweed they eat
B)they produce their own secondary compounds
C)they break down the toxic chemicals from the milkweed they eat
D)monarch butterflies are not toxic; they only look that way
17

An animal that is cryptically colored probably
A)contains toxic chemicals
B)is palatable to predators
C)eats plants that have secondary compounds
D)is part of a Batesian mimicry system
E)is part of a Mullerian mimicry system
18

The number of species in a community is referred to as the
A)keystone species
B)ecosystem productivity
C)species diversity
D)species richness
E)spatial heterogeneity
19

For a Batesian mimicry system to work,
A)the predator must be able to learn to recognize the model
B)the model must outnumber the mimic
C)both of the above
D)none of the above
20

Which of the following statements is true?
A)Oligotrophic lakes contain more nutrients than eutrophic lakes.
B)Xerarch succession is primary succession that occurs in salt-water environments.
C)Most ecologists believe that most communities achieve a stable, unchanging climax vegetation.
D)A mature ecosystem has greater species richness, greater biomass, and less net productivity than a younger stage of succession.
E)Tolerance, facilitation and inhibition occur only in the very earliest of successional stages and are associated with R-selected species.
21

A number of nonrelated, different kinds of stinging wasps have black-and-yellow striped abdomens and similar behavior. This is an example of
A)commensalism
B)cryptic coloration
C)parasitism
D)Batesian mimicry
E)Mullerian mimicry
22

Character displacement is associated with
A)sympatric species
B)allopatric species
C)island biogeography
D)primary succession
E)secondary succession
23

Which of the following statements about symbiotic relationships is true?
A)in a parasitic relationship, both organisms are harmed
B)symbiotic organisms have usually undergone little or no coevolution
C)a relationship that appears to be commensalistic may in fact be mutualistic or parasitic
D)the most efficient type of parasite is one that kills its host
E)none of the above is true
24

Interspecific competition has been demonstrated experimentally in
A)barnacles
B)flour beetles
C)paramecia
D)all of the above
E)none of the above
25

What are Beltian bodies?
A)a specialized structure for morphological defense found in certain types of acacia trees
B)protein-rich structures found at the tips of leaflets of some types of acacia trees
C)specialized structures that prevent anemone fish from being stung by the anemones with which they associate
D)modified body structures commonly found in internal parasites but not in external parasites
E)specialized organs in poison ivy that produce secondary compounds
26

The evolution of two interacting species in a community is referred to as ________________.
A)population pressure
B)carrying capacity
C)coevolution
D)allopatric speciation
27

Plant types have little effect on the character of the soil.
A)True
B)False
28

Members of a population engage in intraspecific competition which is a major factor in limiting both fecundity and survivorship.
A)True
B)False
29

When a harmless species takes advantage by resembling the aposematic coloration of other species that are toxic, it is called _____________________.
A)Mullerian mimicry
B)Batesian mimicry
C)cryptic coloration
D)disruptive coloration
30

A community can be regarded as a "superorganism" that adapts to change and evolves as a unit.
A)True
B)False
31

Removal of a __________________ from a community affects community structure significantly.
A)keystone species
B)niche
C)competitor
D)predator
32

Which of these relationships is generally not considered one that underlies community structure?
A)predation/parasitism
B)commensalism
C)amensalism
D)competition
33

According to the competitive exclusion principle, potential competitors can only coexist through ___________________.
A)niche differentiation
B)contest competition
C)interference competition
D)scramble competition
34

Of the following types of interactions, which one is least likely to limit population size?
A)predation
B)commensalism
C)competition
D)brood parasitism
35

Animals sometimes use camouflage to become more effective predators.
A)True
B)False
36

What factor does not contribute to the rapid loss of nutrients from terrestrial ecosystems?
A)clear-cutting native forest
B)early seral stages
C)climax communities
D)low diversity
37

When two organisms attempt to utilize the same resource, the result is:
A)a fundamental niche
B)competition
C)commensalism
D)mutualism
E)parasitism
38

Parasitism, once considered a symbiotic relationship, is now considered a form of predation.
A)True
B)False
39

Studies on Isle Royale show that wolves play a determining role in controlling the moose population.
A)True
B)False
40

A nontoxic organism whose coloration resembles that of a poisonous organism is an example of Batesian mimicry.
A)True
B)False
41

Succession that begins with an abandoned field is an example of secondary succession.
A)True
B)False