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| 1 | |
According to the information-processing model of memory, information initially enters the memory system through |
| | A) | sensory receptors. |
| | B) | working memory. |
| | C) | the encoding process. |
| | D) | attention. |
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| 2 | |
Research by George Sperling demonstrated that |
| | A) | information stored in the sensory register is a complete replica of the sensory experience. |
| | B) | auditory information is held for a longer period of time than visual information. |
| | C) | through rehearsal, we can retain information in our sensory register for a longer period of time. |
| | D) | information stored in the sensory register is an incomplete fragment of the original sensory experience. |
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| 3 | |
Wendy wants to remember a phone number she just looked up. To keep the number in her short-term memory, she is most likely to use the strategy of |
| | A) | rehearsal. |
| | B) | encoding. |
| | C) | attending. |
| | D) | elaborating. |
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| 4 | |
Although most people can keep only 7 ± 2 bits of information in their short term memory, that amount can be increased by |
| | A) | chunking. |
| | B) | rehearsing. |
| | C) | using our working memory. |
| | D) | elaborating. |
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| 5 | |
When comparing short-term memory and long-term memory, researchers have found that |
| | A) | information is stored and recalled differently in these two memory systems. |
| | B) | although information is stored similarly in both systems, they have different methods of recalling information. |
| | C) | the process of forgetting information is similar for both short-term memory and long-term memory. |
| | D) | although long-term memory is much more durable than short-term memory, in other ways the two systems are quite similar. |
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| 6 | |
Andrea hadn't skied for ten years, but when her new boyfriend suggested they go skiing, Andrea had no problem keeping her balance and maneuvering her way down the slopes. Which type of memory was she using to ski? |
| | A) | procedural. |
| | B) | episodic. |
| | C) | semantic. |
| | D) | declarative. |
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| 7 | |
What type of memory do students use mostly to take their psychology exams? |
| | A) | semantic |
| | B) | episodic |
| | C) | procedural |
| | D) | working |
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| 8 | |
Anita remembers when her father taught her to ride a bicycle. He held onto the back of the bicycle seat to keep the bike steady and walked behind her as she pedaled up and down the block. Suddenly, she heard him call her name and looked to see that he was standing 100 feet away, and she was riding without his help. Anita's recollection of this event demonstrates which type of memory? |
| | A) | episodic |
| | B) | semantic |
| | C) | procedural |
| | D) | working |
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| 9 | |
A multiple-choice exam relies on which way of retrieving information from long-term memory? |
| | A) | recognition |
| | B) | recall |
| | C) | relearning |
| | D) | recognition, recall, and relearning |
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| 10 | |
According to the ________, people tend to remember items at the beginning and at the end of a list better than those items in the middle of the list. |
| | A) | serial position effect |
| | B) | long-term learning effect |
| | C) | tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon |
| | D) | recency/primacy effect |
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| 11 | |
According to Craik and Lockhart, you will retain information that you learn in your psychology class better and longer if you elaborate on it, create associations between what you are learning and what you already know, and make the information meaningful. This is the basis of which model of memory? |
| | A) | levels of processing |
| | B) | information-processing |
| | C) | stage theory |
| | D) | associative network |
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| 12 | |
Your best friend throughout your childhood was Mary. When you left home to go to college, you became close friends with Maria, but you kept calling her Mary. During winter break, you go home to visit and see your old friend Mary, and you call her Maria. Which theory of forgetting best fits this scenario? |
| | A) | interference |
| | B) | decay |
| | C) | reconstruction |
| | D) | motivated |
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| 13 | |
According to the _________ theory of memory, information is stored and retrieved from LTM using schemas called associative networks. |
| | A) | reconstruction |
| | B) | motivated forgetting |
| | C) | interference |
| | D) | decay |
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| 14 | |
Memory research by Kearins with aboriginal and white Australian adolescents found that |
| | A) | the two groups used different memory strategies to approach a memory task. |
| | B) | the two groups used similar memory strategies to approach a memory task. |
| | C) | differences in memory strategies were more dependent on the age of the adolescents than on whether they were aboriginal or white. |
| | D) | aboriginal adolescents were considerably more impulsive and fidgety than the white adolescents. |
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| 15 | |
Christopher was in a car accident and now he can't remember what happened in the minutes before and during the accident. Christopher is most likely suffering from |
| | A) | retrograde amnesia. |
| | B) | anterograde amnesia. |
| | C) | repression. |
| | D) | Korsakoff's syndrome. |
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| 16 | |
Research involving eyewitness testimony suggests that |
| | A) | eyewitness testimony is extremely unreliable. |
| | B) | eyewitness testimony is extremely reliable. |
| | C) | children and adolescents are generally more accurate with their memories than are adults. |
| | D) | it is extremely difficult to create distortions in witnesses' memories. |
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| 17 | |
The U.S. Department of Justice recommends that when police attempt to obtain and use information from eyewitnesses in the most accurate way possible, they should |
| | A) | ask open-ended questions that allow the witness to speak. |
| | B) | establish their sense of authority over the witness. |
| | C) | not use "fillers" in lineups. |
| | D) | give the witness feedback after the witness has identified a photo or a person in a lineup. |
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