| community-based correction | Rehabilitative activities and programs within the community that have effective ties with the local government.
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| diversion | The removal of offenders from the application of the criminal law at any stage of the police or court processes.
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| furlough | An authorized, unescorted absence from a correctional institution for a specified period.
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| Gagnon v. Scarpelli | The Supreme Court ruling that the holding in Morrissey v. Brewer also applies to probationers and that neither probationers nor parolees are entitled to counsel as a matter of right at revocation hearings.
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| good time | The number of days deducted from a sentence for good behavior, meritorious service, particular kinds of work, or other considerations.
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| intensive probation supervision | A program of closer surveillance and more exhaustive services that serve to place a probationer under tighter control than he or she might experience under regular probation.
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| intermediate sanctions | Sanctions falling between the extremes of fines and imprisonment.
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| mandatory release | A release from prison required by statute when an inmate has been confined for a time period equal to his or her full prison sentence minus statutory "good time" if any.
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| maximum expiration date | The date on which the full sentence ends.
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| Mempa v. Rhay | The Supreme Court ruling that the right to counsel applies to state probation revocation hearings at which deferred sentence may be imposed.
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| Morrissey v. Brewer | The Supreme Court ruling that a parolee facing revocation is entitled to both a preliminary hearing to determine whether he or she actually violated parole and a final hearing to consider not only the facts in question but also, if there was a violation, what to do about it.
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| parole | The status of being released from a penal or reformatory institution in which one has served a part of his or her maximum sentence, on the condition of maintaining good behavior and remaining in the custody and under the guidance of the institution or some other agency approved by the state until a final discharge is granted.
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| parole prediction | An estimate of probability of violation or nonviolation of parole, based on experience tables, developed with regard to groups of offenders possessing similar characteristics.
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| Pennsylvania Board of Probation and Parole v. Scott | The Supreme Court ruling that the exclusionary rule does not apply in parole revocation hearings.
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| probation | A sentence not involving confinement that imposes conditions and retains authority in the sentencing court to modify the conditions of sentence or to resentence the offender if he or she violates the conditions.
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| restitution | A condition of probation requiring offenders to compensate their victims for damages or to donate their time in service to the community.
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| shock probation | Brief incarceration followed by suspension of sentence and probation.
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| suspended sentence | A court disposition of a convicted person, pronouncing a penalty of a fine or commitment to confinement but unconditionally discharging the defendant or holding execution of the penalty in abeyance upon good behavior.
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| Williams v. New York | The Supreme Court ruling that at sentencing, the defendant does not have a Sixth Amendment right to cross-examine persons who have supplied information to the court (in a presentence report) regarding sentencing.
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