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Coasts, Beaches, and Estuaries

Multiple Choice Quiz



1

The coastal zone includes which of the following environments?
A)deltas
B)estuaries
C)open coast
D)All of the above are included in the coastal zone.
2

The zone that includes the area between the storm high water level and the limit of wave action is labeled the:
A)beach.
B)cove.
C)shore.
D)bay.
3

Secondary coasts result from all but which of the following processes?
A)alteration by waves
B)alteration by marine plants and animals
C)volcanic activity
D)All of the above are correct.
4

Primary coasts result from all but which of the following processes?
A)moraines
B)erosion of the land by rivers
C)deposition of sediments by waves
D)All of the above are correct.
5

Which of the following relationships of landforms: process is not correct?
A)moraines: glaciers
B)deltas: rivers
C)dunes: wind action
D)ria valley: glaciers
6

All of the following are examples of secondary coastal features except:
A)bars.
B)fault bays.
C)reefs.
D)salt marshes.
7

Isolated offshore bars that grow until they break the surface may develop into:
A)barrier islands.
B)reefs.
C)sea stacks.
D)deltas.
8

Which of the following statements does not accurately describe beach features?
A)The dry region of a beach is the backshore.
B)The beach scarp divides the foreshore from the backshore.
C)The offshore zone includes the region from the lowest tide to the beach scarp.
D)Bars and troughs are features seaward of the beach that change seasonally.
9

Which of the following is not an example of a beach type?
A)spit
B)armored
C)tombolo
D)headlands
10

Which statement about beach materials is not correct?
A)Shingles are wooden planks that cover beaches when ships break up on nearby rocks.
B)An armored beach is protected from further erosion by large lag deposits.
C)Terrigenous materials are carried along the coast by waves and currents.
D)The distinctive colors of some beaches result from specific mineral sources.
11

The landward transport of sediments by waves is called ____________ transport.
A)longshore
B)dynamic
C)surfzone
D)onshore
12

Beaches along a drift sector experience a large flux of sediments, but usually do not change appearance very easily. This is an example of:
A)accretion.
B)dynamic equilibrium.
C)cusping.
D)erosion.
13

The assimilation of salt water into overriding fresh water is called:
A)saltation.
B)swashing.
C)dilution.
D)entrainment.
14

Which of the following is not a National Marine Sanctuary?
A)Flow Garden Banks
B)Monterey Bay
C)Mississippi River Delta
D)Florida Keys
15

Which of the following is not a type of estuary?
A)inverse
B)partially mixed
C)salt wedge
D)sand wedge
16

Which of the following does not affect global sea level?
A)sediment accumulation in ocean basins
B)thermal expansion of seawater
C)isostatic forces
D)All the above effect sea level.
17

High evaporation rates and relatively low fresh water inflow may result in which type of estuary?
A)inverse
B)partially mixed
C)salt wedge
D)well-mixed
18

The amount of time required for an estuary to undergo an exchange of water is ____________ time.
A)geologic
B)half-life
C)overturn
D)flushing
19

Which of the following statements on the history of San Francisco Bay is not accurate?
A)The bay was a sterile, unproductive environment until Europeans began to develop it.
B)Sediment from mining operations has led to a shallowing of parts of the bay.
C)Selenium from agricultural runoff has been detected in the bay's waterfowl.
D)Much of the bay's wetlands and deltas have been developed for farm housing.
20

The Chesapeake Bay system has experienced which of the following?
A)Sewage entering the bay system has increased the growth of plants, which consume and lower oxygen levels when they die and decay.
B)Farm fertilizers in runoff are thought to promote the growth of toxic organisms.
C)The growing population and continued development around the bay is putting increased pressure on the bay system.
D)All of the above are accurate.
21

Where is the largest marine sanctuary in the world located?
A)Hawaiian Islands
B)Monterey Bay, CA
C)Florida Keys, FL
D)Boston, MA
22

Which of the following is not an example of a feature common to a primary coast?
A)delta
B)dunes
C)sea stack
D)fjord
23

Which of the following best describes a secondary coast?
A)Coastline shaped primarily by marine processes.
B)Coastline shaped primarily by subaerial erosion.
C)Coastline shaped by sinking land.
D)Glaciated coastline.
24

Put the following features in order from the sea to the inland area:
A)foreshore, offshore, backshore, upland
B)offshore, backshore, upland, foreshore
C)offshore, backshore, upland, foreshore
D)offshore, foreshore, backshore, upland
25

Process moving sediment along the beach is known as:
A)onshore current.
B)longshore transport.
C)longshore current.
D)onshore transport.
26

Which of the following areas has the most severe coastal erosion?
A)California
B)Florida
C)New Orleans, LA
D)Norfolk, VA
27

Which type of estuary has a strong tidal influence but low river input?
A)salt wedge
B)well-mixed
C)partially mixed
D)fjord