Multiple Choice Quiz

1		At high latitudes the controlling factor for primary production is:
			A)	temperature.
			B)	sunlight.
			C)	nutrients.
			D)	pressure.
			E)	grazing.
2		The net primary production is equal to the primary production minus the:
			A)	gross primary production.
			B)	biomass.
			C)	part that is broken down during plant respiration.
			D)	amount lost in decomposition.
			E)	standing crop.
3		Phytoplankton growth is nearly uniform:
			A)	in the Tropics.
			B)	at mid-latitudes.
			C)	in polar regions.
			D)	at about 45 degrees north and south.
			E)	nowhere.
4		The standing crop is a function of:
			A)	growth.
			B)	reproduction.
			C)	death.
			D)	grazing.
			E)	all of the above
5		Which of the following forms of nitrogen is most easily absorbed by marine plants?
			A)	nitrogen gas
			B)	nitrite
			C)	ammonia
			D)	nitrate
			E)	none of the above
6		Primary production in the oceans is generated by:
			A)	nekton.
			B)	zooplankton.
			C)	phytoplankton.
			D)	fish.
			E)	crustaceans.
7		The total biomass under any area of sea surface at any instant in time is known as the _________.
			A)	standing crop
			B)	gross primary production
			C)	net primary production
			D)	livestock
			E)	none of the above
8		At low latitudes the controlling factor for primary production is:
			A)	temperature.
			B)	sunlight.
			C)	nutrients.
			D)	pressure.
			E)	grazing.
9		Which of the following are decomposers in the marine environment?
			A)	fungi
			B)	zooplankton
			C)	bacteria
			D)	All of the above are correct.
			E)	Both A and C are correct.
10		Which of the following regions typically has the highest primary productivity per unit surface area of the ocean?
			A)	zones of upwelling
			B)	coastal water
			C)	the centers of ocean gyres
			D)	tropical waters
			E)	temperate zones
11		In photosynthesis, plants produce carbon by consuming nitrogen and phosphorus in a constant ratio of _____ grams of nitrogen to each gram of phosphorus.
			A)	2.3
			B)	5.1
			C)	7.2
			D)	12.6
			E)	21.3
12		Organisms that eat both plant and animal material are called:
			A)	herbivores.
			B)	omnivores.
			C)	carnivores.
			D)	multivores.
			E)	dualvores.
13		The interconnected feeding pattern of organisms is called a:
			A)	nourishment pattern.
			B)	food matrix.
			C)	salad bar.
			D)	food web.
			E)	none of the above
14		The first level of a trophic pyramid is always occupied by:
			A)	primary producers.
			B)	herbivores.
			C)	primary consumers.
			D)	carnivores.
			E)	omnivores.
15		The overall efficiency of energy transfer up each layer of an open-ocean trophic pyramid is about:
			A)	50%.
			B)	40%.
			C)	30%.
			D)	20%.
			E)	10%.
16		Energy loss at each level of a trophic pyramid goes to support the organism's:
			A)	reproduction.
			B)	breathing.
			C)	feeding.
			D)	moving.
			E)	all of the above
17		The relative abundance of phytoplankton to zooplankton is about:
			A)	100:1.
			B)	50:1.
			C)	10:1.
			D)	5:1.
			E)	1:1.
18		In deep-water communities along hydrothermal vent systems primary production takes place by:
			A)	photosynthesis.
			B)	chemosynthesis.
			C)	metalisynthesis.
			D)	decomposition.
			E)	none of the above
19		The overall efficiency of energy transfer up each layer of trophic pyramids in regions of upwelling is about:
			A)	50%.
			B)	40%.
			C)	30%.
			D)	20%.
			E)	10%.
20		The number of trophic levels in a trophic pyramid is generally greatest in this region of the ocean.
			A)	estuaries
			B)	coastal areas
			C)	upwelling areas
			D)	open ocean
21		Carbon dioxide and water molecules in the presence of solar energy and __________ produce sugar, oxygen, and water.
			A)	carbon fixation
			B)	dissolved oxygen
			C)	fluorescence
			D)	chlorophylla
22		At the Equitorial upwelling:
			A)	Mixes cold water from the depth of the ocean with the hot surface water.
			B)	Phytoplankton cannot swim and are almost completely absent.
			C)	Brings nutrient rich water to the surface.
			D)	Allows the completion of the trade cells.
23		Which spectrums of visible light are most readily absorbed by chlorophyll a?
			A)	blue and green
			B)	green and red
			C)	blue and red
			D)	green and yellow
24		The ideal ratio of nutrients required by phytoplankton is:
			A)	02:N:C:P 109:41:7.2:1
			B)	C:P:N:02 109:41:7.2:1
			C)	P:02:N:C 109:41:7.2:1
			D)	P:N:C:02 109:41:7.2:1
25		Which of the following is NOT a control on phytoplankton primary productivity?
			A)	temperature
			B)	light
			C)	nutrient availability
			D)	zooplankton populations
26		Which season has the highest levels of primary productivity in the Arctic?
			A)	winter
			B)	spring
			C)	summer
			D)	fall
27		Which area has the highest average rate of primary productivity?
			A)	Coastal Ocean
			B)	Estuaries
			C)	Upwelling Zones
			D)	Open Ocean
28		Which of the following would be at the highest trophic level?
			A)	sardines
			B)	phytoplankton
			C)	tuna
			D)	human