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1 | |
The oceans have a well-mixed surface layer approximately ____ meters thick. |
| | A) | 10 |
| | B) | 50 |
| | C) | 100 |
| | D) | 200 |
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2 | |
If you mix two samples of water with different temperatures and salinities but the same density, you will produce a mixture that has: |
| | A) | a lower density. |
| | B) | a higher density. |
| | C) | the same density as the two samples. |
| | D) | You cannot predict exactly what will happen. |
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3 | |
The depth of the mixed layer is greatest in the: |
| | A) | summer. |
| | B) | fall. |
| | C) | winter. |
| | D) | spring. |
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4 | |
Downwelling occurs in areas of: |
| | A) | surface convergence. |
| | B) | surface divergence. |
| | C) | strong offshore coastal winds. |
| | D) | ascending water. |
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5 | |
Most of the information we have about the Arctic Ocean was collected by scientists from: |
| | A) | Norway. |
| | B) | the United States. |
| | C) | the former Soviet Union. |
| | D) | Canada. |
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6 | |
The total cost of running an oceanographic research vessel can be as much as ______ per day. |
| | A) | $10,000 |
| | B) | $25,000 |
| | C) | $50,000 |
| | D) | $100,000 |
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7 | |
The Indian Ocean is unique because it: |
| | A) | has a very high average salinity. |
| | B) | is the smallest ocean. |
| | C) | is the deepest ocean. |
| | D) | is a Southern Hemisphere Ocean. |
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8 | |
Select the following relationship of water properties that is not correct. |
| | A) | increased salinity: increased density |
| | B) | increased temperature: decreased density |
| | C) | increased temperature: increased salinity |
| | D) | increased evaporation: increased salinity |
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9 | |
Overturn occurs when the: |
| | A) | water column is isopycnal. |
| | B) | density at the surface is less than the density at depth. |
| | C) | pycnocline is very pronounced. |
| | D) | density at depth is less than the density at the surface. |
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10 | |
Which of the following statements on density structure is not correct? |
| | A) | Two isothermal bodies of water may have different densities. |
| | B) | Melting of sea ice produces cold dense fresh water that sinks to the sea floor. |
| | C) | Storms and disturbances may cause water to become isothermal to greater depths. |
| | D) | The densest water in the open oceans results from winter cooling and freezing in the Antarctic seas. |
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11 | |
Thermohaline sinking of dense water occurs: |
| | A) | at pycnoclines. |
| | B) | at haloclines. |
| | C) | at surface divergence zones. |
| | D) | along downwelling zones. |
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12 | |
Upwelling of deep water: |
| | A) | provides nutrient rich water to marine plant life. |
| | B) | moves very rapidly relative to surface currents. |
| | C) | can be found at surface convergence zones. |
| | D) | is not a thermohaline circulation mechanism. |
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13 | |
Isotopic tracers in the oceans: |
| | A) | can provide a measure of the rate of movement of water in the oceans. |
| | B) | make use of radioactive substances produced in atmospheric nuclear tests. |
| | C) | provide data for modeling water pathways in the oceans. |
| | D) | are accurately described by each of the above. |
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14 | |
The Lomonosov Ridge divides the ___________ Ocean basin. |
| | A) | Antarctic |
| | B) | Arctic |
| | C) | Atlantic |
| | D) | Indian |
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15 | |
The densest water in the oceans is ___________ water. |
| | A) | North Atlantic deep |
| | B) | Antarctic intermediate |
| | C) | Antarctic deep |
| | D) | Antarctic bottom |
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16 | |
The Arctic Ocean: |
| | A) | has the narrowest shelves of any ocean basin. |
| | B) | has a density controlled more by salinity differences than temperature differences. |
| | C) | interacts more with the Pacific than the Atlantic oceans. |
| | D) | is described by A, B, and C. |
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17 | |
Which of the following statements on ocean layering is not correct? |
| | A) | Water types change characteristics rapidly. |
| | B) | Horizontal mixing is more efficient than vertical mixing. |
| | C) | Mediterranean water can still be identified in the middle of the Atlantic. |
| | D) | The deepest water in the Mediterranean is produced in the Aegean Sea. |
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18 | |
The water mass identified by one T-S point rather than a curve, is ___________ water. |
| | A) | North Atlantic deep |
| | B) | Antarctic intermediate |
| | C) | Antarctic deep |
| | D) | Antarctic bottom |
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19 | |
CTD sensors measure which of the following characteristics? |
| | A) | chlorophyll |
| | B) | conductivity |
| | C) | calcium |
| | D) | carbon |
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20 | |
Which type of ocean measurement is not performed by satellites? |
| | A) | radar altimetry |
| | B) | oil spill detection |
| | C) | sea surface temperature |
| | D) | internal structure acoustic tomography |
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21 | |
Which of the following statements is true? |
| | A) | As temperature decreases and salinity decreases, density decreases. |
| | B) | As temperature increases and salinity increases, density decreases. |
| | C) | As temperature increases and salinity decreases, density increases. |
| | D) | As temperature decreases and salinity increases, density increases. |
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22 | |
An area where temperature rapidly changes with depth is known as the: |
| | A) | thermocline. |
| | B) | pycnocline. |
| | C) | halocline. |
| | D) | isocline. |
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23 | |
Which of the following is true about the relationships between temperature, salinity, and density? |
| | A) | Salinity has a greater affect on density than temperature. |
| | B) | Temperature has a greater affect on density than salinity. |
| | C) | Temperature and salinity play equal roles in affecting density. |
| | D) | Neither temperature nor salinity affects density. |
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24 | |
The densest water body in the oceans is: |
| | A) | North Atlantic deep water. |
| | B) | Antarctic intermediate water. |
| | C) | Antarctic bottom water. |
| | D) | South Atlantic surface water. |
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2009 McGraw-Hill Higher Education