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1 | | An atom of 206Pb has: |
| | A) | 82 protons, 124 neutrons, and 82 electrons |
| | B) | 124 protons, 82 neutrons, and 82 electrons |
| | C) | 124 protons, 82 neutrons, and 124 electrons |
| | D) | 82 protons, 82 neutrons, 124 electrons |
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2 | | Select the nuclide that completes the following nuclear reaction: 64Cu ----> + β + ? |
| | A) | 63Zn |
| | B) | 63Ni |
| | C) | 64Zn |
| | D) | 64Ni |
| | E) | 63Cu |
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3 | | Which of the following isotopes is least likely to be stable? |
| | A) | 40Ca |
| | B) | 32S |
| | C) | 30Al |
| | D) | 55Mn |
| | E) | 119Sn |
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4 | | What is the total binding energy of 12C? [12C atomic mass = 12.000 amu; mass of proton = 1.007825 amu; mass of neutron = 1.008665 amu; 1 kg = 6.022 x 1026amu; 1 J = 1 (kg·m2)/s2] |
| | A) | 1.80 x 10-9 J |
| | B) | 1.48 x 10-8 J |
| | C) | 3.60 x 10-9 J |
| | D) | 8.91 x 1015 J |
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5 | | If 30% of a certain radioisotope decays in 5.0 years, what is the half-life of the isotope? |
| | A) | 10.0 yr |
| | B) | 9.7 yr |
| | C) | 5.4 yr |
| | D) | 5.0 yr |
| | E) | 2.4 yr |
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6 | | The half-life of Sr-90 is 29 years. What fraction of the atoms in a sample would remain after 100 years? |
| | A) | 0.092 |
| | B) | 0.166 |
| | C) | 0.062 |
| | D) | 0.024 |
| | E) | 10.9 |
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7 | | When an aluminum-27 atom is bombarded with an alpha particle, a neutron and an isotope of phosphorus is produced. What is the mass number of the isotope? |
| | A) | 28 |
| | B) | 29 |
| | C) | 30 |
| | D) | 31 |
| | E) | 32 |
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8 | | Complete the following nuclear equation: 9Be(p,α) ___. |
| | A) | 9B |
| | B) | 10B |
| | C) | 4Li |
| | D) | 6Li |
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9 | | Which of the following is the least penetrating of the three types of nuclear radiation? |
| | A) | alpha |
| | B) | beta |
| | C) | gamma |
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10 | | Gamma-rays and X-rays cause radiation damage when they interact with matter by: |
| | A) | removing electrons |
| | B) | forming radicals |
| | C) | inducing other nuclear reactions |
| | D) | A and B |
| | E) | A and C |
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11 | | Why is carbon dating possible? |
| | A) | The amount of C-12 is not variable in living organisms. |
| | B) | There is a constant ratio of C-12 to C-14 in living organisms but the ratio changes at a predictable rate after an organism dies. |
| | C) | The amount of C-14 is constant in living organisms. |
| | D) | None of the above. |
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12 | | What is the chemical basis of radiation damage? |
| | A) | The ability to remove electrons from atoms and molecules and form ions and radicals |
| | B) | The ability to transfer energy |
| | C) | The ability to stabilize other ions |
| | D) | None of the above |
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13 | | What is a major difference between nuclear fission and nuclear fusion? |
| | A) | Nuclear fission uses electrons to break nuclei, while nuclear fusion uses neutrons to break nuclei. |
| | B) | Nuclear fission uses neutrons to break nuclei, while nuclear fusion adjoins two nuclei. |
| | C) | Nuclear fission reactors are not commercially available, while nuclear fusion reactors are. |
| | D) | None of the above |
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14 | | Chemical and nuclear reactions are similar in many ways. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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15 | | What are magic numbers with reference to nuclear stability? |
| | A) | The number of nuclear particles of elements not located in the belt of stability |
| | B) | The number of nuclear particles of radioactive elements |
| | C) | The number of nuclear particles in generally more stable nuclei |
| | D) | None of the above |
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