| Kyphosis | An increase in the normal thoracic curve.
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| Lordosis | An exaggeration of either of the two secondary curves in the spine that are located in the lumbar and cervical regions.
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| Lower-crossed syndrome | A postural dysfunction that involves the lumbar spine, hips, and pelvis and follows the pattern of imbalance between postural and phasic muscles. It is often accompanied by an anteriorly tilted pelvis.
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| Myositis ossificans | A condition that can appear following severe contusions. It is characterized by the deposition of calcium within the muscle fibers or the formation of a spur on the underlying bone.
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| Scoliosis | Any lateral curvature of the spine; often characterized by either a C or an S curve, depending on which and how many regions of the spine are involved.
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| Upper-crossed syndrome | A postural dysfunction that involves the head, neck, and upper trunk and is often accompanied by a forward-head and rounded-shoulder posture. Moreover, it can contribute to kyphosis in the thoracic spine.
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