| Congenital muscular torticollis | A painless condition usually presenting during infancy with a tight sternocleidomastoid muscle causing the child's head to be tilted to the tightened side.
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| Muscular cervical dystonia | A type of torticollis that arises from the body's protective mechanism for safeguarding the neck; its causes include trauma to the area, a sleeping position wrong for the neck, or repetitive motion of the head for extended periods of time. Also referred to as wryneck.
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| Neurologic cervical dystonia | A type of dystonia that typically occurs in adults between the ages of 25 and 60 and can be secondary to a known neuropathological process such as trauma, brain tumor, stroke, or neurodegenerative disease. It can also occur as a primary disorder, with no abnormality found.
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| Release phenomenon | The principle that neurovascular symptoms that present as a result of compression ill change if the structures causing the compression are moved.
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| Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) | An aching in the muscles of mastication, sometimes with occasional brief, severe pain on chewing, often associated with restricted jaw movement and clicking or popping sounds.
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| Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) | A compression or tension of the brachial plexus and/or subclavian vessels in the region of the thoracic outlet.
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| Torticollis | A type of dystonia that affects the cervical region in which the head is tilted toward one side and the chin is elevated and turned toward the opposite side.
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| Whiplash | An acceleration-deceleration mechanism of energy transfer to the neck resulting in a hyperextension-hyperflexion injury.
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