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Multiple Choice Quiz
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1
A __________ occurs when a new technology or business model comes along that dramatically alters the nature of demand and competition.
A)paradigm shift
B)model shift
C)archetype shift
D)exemplar shift
2
In the 1980s and 1990s IBM saw its traditional mainframe computer business shrink in the face of new competition from the companies that were driving the personal computer revolution, including Microsoft, Intel, and Dell. This was most likely a result of:
A)indifferent management.
B)changing government regulations.
C)a falling economy.
D)a technological paradigm shift.
3
Internal and external forces that make it difficult to change the strategy or organization architecture of an enterprise are collectively known as:
A)cognitive schema.
B)organizational inertia.
C)organizational culture.
D)organizational standards.
4
The ability of established airlines such as United to respond to low-cost competitors such as Jet Blue and Southwest, for example, has been hindered by strong labor unions that have resisted attempts to change aspects of their employment contracts and to restructure pensions, which has kept the cost structure of United Airlines high. This is an example of a(n) __________, which slows United's ability to meet low-cost competition.
A)external institutional constraint
B)strategic commitment
C)internal political constraint
D)organizational culture type
5
In many cases change is __________ instead of __________ because leaders are unable to recognize quickly enough that change is necessary.
A)reactive; proactive
B)bad; good
C)proactive; reactive
D)unneeded; needed
6
An important first step in moving the organization is:
A)disposing of assets.
B)firing employees.
C)building a top management team committed to change.
D)shifting the culture of the enterprise.
7
Startling employees out of their comfort zone is an example of which of the following actions managers can take to ensure successful organizational change?
A)creating a powerful guiding coalition
B)providing a compelling vision
C)removing the obstacles to change
D)establishing a sense of urgency
8
An organization architecture that continues to foster old habits is an example of which of the following actions managers should avoid when implementing organizational change?
A)not establishing a great enough sense of urgency
B)failing to remove obstacles to the change effort
C)not creating a powerful enough guiding coalition
D)not planning for and creating short-term wins
9
Innovations that incorporate new technology and disrupt competition, shifting the dominant paradigm are known as __________ innovations.
A)dominant
B)quantum
C)super-
D)incremental
10
One reason that new products fail is because the demand for innovations is inherently uncertain. To reduce this uncertainty a firm can:
A)rely on good market research.
B)hire the best scientists to invent excellent items.
C)hire a famous ad agency to promote the product.
D)do all of the above.





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