| controllable forces | Internal forces that management administers to adapt to changes in the uncontrollable forces
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| domestic environment | All the uncontrollable forces originating in the home country that surround and influence the firm's life and development
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| environment | All the forces surrounding and influencing the life and development of the firm
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| exporting | The transportation of any domestic good or service to a destination outside a country or region; the opposite of importing, which is the transportation of any good or service into a country or region, from a foreign origination point
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| foreign direct investment | Direct investments in equipment, structures, and organizations in a foreign country at a level that is sufficient to obtain significant management control; does not include mere foreign investment in stock markets
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| foreign environment | All the uncontrollable forces originating outside the home country that surround and influence the firm
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| global company (GC) | An organization that attempts to standardize and integrate operations worldwide in all functional areas
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| international company (IC) | Either a global or a multidomestic company
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| international environment | Interaction between domestic and foreign environmental forces or between sets of foreign environmental forces
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| multidomestic company (MDC) | An organization with multicountry affiliates, each of which formulates its own business strategy based on perceived market differences
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| self-reference criterion | Unconscious reference to one's own cultural values when judging behaviors of others in a new and different environment
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| uncontrollable forces | External forces over which management has no direct control, although it can exert an influence
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