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| 1 | |
Psychology is considered a science because psychologists |
| | A) | think critically about careful, controlled observations. |
| | B) | directly observe overt behaviors. |
| | C) | are able to understand mental activities that cannot be directly observed. |
| | D) | use it to study life. |
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| 2 | |
As discussed in the text, the goals of psychology are to |
| | A) | teach, test, explain, and predict human behavior. |
| | B) | describe, explain, predict, and control behavior and mental processes. |
| | C) | describe, predict, understand, and influence behavior and mental processes. |
| | D) | understand, teach, research, and control human and non-human behavior. |
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| 3 | |
Which of these early psychologists would be most likely to use the technique called introspection? |
| | A) | Max Wertheimer |
| | B) | Wilhelm Wundt |
| | C) | William James |
| | D) | Hermann Ebbinghaus |
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| 4 | |
In addition to being the first African American to publish a research article in a journal of the American Psychological Association, J. Henry Alston is best remembered for his |
| | A) | research concerning the effects of segregation on children. |
| | B) | emphasis on the phi phenomenon. |
| | C) | contributions to the school of thought called Functionalism. |
| | D) | studies of the sensations of heat and cold. |
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| 5 | |
Which of the early schools of psychology asserted that mental processes such as thinking and feeling exist only because they help us survive as a species? |
| | A) | Functionalism |
| | B) | Structuralism |
| | C) | Gestalt |
| | D) | Psychoanalysis |
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| 6 | |
John B. Watson, the founder of behaviorism, was most strongly influenced by the work of |
| | A) | Santiago Ramón y Cajal. |
| | B) | B. F. Skinner. |
| | C) | Sigmund Freud. |
| | D) | Ivan Pavlov. |
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| 7 | |
According to Freud, psychological problems have their roots in innate |
| | A) | motives. |
| | B) | conflicts. |
| | C) | wishes. |
| | D) | fears. |
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| 8 | |
As a humanistic psychologist, Dr. Carlson asserts that the most important cause of human problems is |
| | A) | the conscious mind. |
| | B) | brain chemistry. |
| | C) | faulty thought processes. |
| | D) | the unconscious mind. |
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| 9 | |
An important area of psychology that focuses on measuring mental functions using instruments such as intelligence tests is |
| | A) | cognitive psychology. |
| | B) | psychometrics. |
| | C) | neuroscience. |
| | D) | structuralism. |
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| 10 | |
The foundation for our modern understanding of the brain's role in psychology was laid by |
| | A) | Charles Darwin, who popularized the theory of evolution. |
| | B) | Alfred Binet, who developed the first modern intelligence test. |
| | C) | Santiago Ramón y Cajal, who published the first description of neurons. |
| | D) | William James, who opened the first psychology laboratory in 1875. |
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| 11 | |
Psychology's sociocultural perspective has evolved from social anthropology and has been shaped by which force within psychology? |
| | A) | Social learning theory |
| | B) | Behaviorism |
| | C) | Psychoanalysis |
| | D) | Cognitive psychology |
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| 12 | |
The notion that different cultures, ethnic groups, genders, and sexual orientations are different from, rather than inferior to, one another is the underlying perspective of |
| | A) | cultural universality. |
| | B) | ethnocentrism. |
| | C) | cultural relativity. |
| | D) | human diversity. |
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| 13 | |
The research of Mamie Phipps Clark and Kenneth Clark was instrumental in |
| | A) | spearheading the acceptance of women into doctoral programs in psychology. |
| | B) | demonstrating that segregated schools could not be considered "separate but equal." |
| | C) | spearheading the acceptance of minorities into doctoral programs in psychology. |
| | D) | developing child care and childbirth leave policies that facilitate women's careers. |
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| 14 | |
The specialty area of psychology that studies the influence of other people on our behavior is called |
| | A) | social psychology. |
| | B) | sociocultural psychology. |
| | C) | cognitive psychology. |
| | D) | developmental psychology. |
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| 15 | |
Dr. Hodges has a Ph.D. in psychology. She treats clients who have emotional problems and she helps them correct their abnormal behavior. She is a |
| | A) | counseling psychologist. |
| | B) | health psychologist. |
| | C) | clinical psychologist. |
| | D) | psychiatrist. |
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