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| 1 | |
Research by Kiecolt-Glaser and colleagues on the effects of stress and the immune system found which group(s) of women had the poorest immune functioning? |
| | A) | single women |
| | B) | those who had been divorced the longest |
| | C) | those who had been married the longest |
| | D) | those who were recently divorced or unhappily married |
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| 2 | |
________________ is any event that strains or exceeds an individual's ability to cope. |
| | A) | Stress |
| | B) | Life |
| | C) | A challenge |
| | D) | Frustration |
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| 3 | |
Violence, loss of a loved one, natural disasters, terrorism, and daily hassles are all forms of _______________ that create stress because they require adjustment and coping. |
| | A) | traumas |
| | B) | life events |
| | C) | conflicts |
| | D) | drama |
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| 4 | |
Studies of the relationship between stress and life events suggest that one way to lower the risk of stress-related illness is to |
| | A) | avoid stress whenever possible. |
| | B) | lump major changes together so you can have time afterward to relax and adjust. |
| | C) | space out your life changes when you can. |
| | D) | try to have more positive than negative changes in your life. |
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| 5 | |
Stephen is riding his tricycle from the living room to the dining room. A long piece of wood is directly in his path and he can't get over it to achieve his goal of getting to the dining room. In terms of stress-related psychology, Stephen is experiencing |
| | A) | conflict. |
| | B) | frustration. |
| | C) | pressure. |
| | D) | consternation. |
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| 6 | |
Sybil has been offered a scholarship to two universities. University A has an excellent theatre arts program that could help her move into a career she wants to pursue in filmmaking. University B has a highly respected business program that would provide her with the background she wants in business. She must choose between these two equally positive options and she sees no negative outcome to either. This demonstrates ___________ conflict. |
| | A) | approach-approach |
| | B) | approach-avoidance |
| | C) | avoidance-avoidance |
| | D) | multiple approach-avoidance |
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| 7 | |
While walking his dog in the woods, William came face-to-face with a rattlesnake. His heart rate and blood pressure immediately increased, blood was diverted away from digestion and into the skeletal muscles, he began to perspire, and he felt a surge of energy as his levels of adrenaline increased. William was in which stage of the general adaptation syndrome? |
| | A) | alarm |
| | B) | resistance |
| | C) | exhaustion |
| | D) | preparation |
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| 8 | |
The General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) does its best work during |
| | A) | the period after an emergency. |
| | B) | our daily life activities. |
| | C) | times of chronic illness. |
| | D) | emergencies. |
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| 9 | |
Based on the research, which of these individuals would we expect to be least stressed from the situations they face? |
| | A) | Jack, who is going into combat for the fourth time |
| | B) | Marc, who is going into combat for the first time |
| | C) | Rose, who at 40 has just been widowed |
| | D) | Eve, a five-year-old victim of sexual molestation |
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| 10 | |
Which of the following individuals exhibits a cognitive factor in her reaction to stress? |
| | A) | Patty Anne is highly competitive, hard driving, and ambitious in work, sports, and games. |
| | B) | Betty Jo does whatever she can to avoid stressful situations. |
| | C) | Mary Jane interprets her professor's comments and suggestions as personal criticisms. |
| | D) | Catherine Marie is hostile, aggressive, and frequently angry with others. |
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| 11 | |
Which aspect of the Type A behavior pattern presents the highest risk factor for coronary heart disease? |
| | A) | being a workaholic who takes little time off for relaxation or vacation |
| | B) | hostility expressed by reacting to frustration with verbal or physical aggression |
| | C) | being perfectionistic and demanding |
| | D) | an unrelenting sense of time urgency |
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| 12 | |
Which group would be expected to have the highest mortality rates in response to stress? |
| | A) | married women |
| | B) | unmarried women |
| | C) | unmarried men |
| | D) | married men |
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| 13 | |
Psychologist Shelley Taylor believes that the most important aspects of the stress response for women involve |
| | A) | fight-or-flight. |
| | B) | tend-and-befriend. |
| | C) | birds-of-a-feather. |
| | D) | all-hands-on-deck. |
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| 14 | |
Alexandra wanted to make poached eggs for breakfast, but she accidentally broke the yolks as she cracked the eggs. Rather than getting upset she said, "I guess I'll make an omelet instead." Alexandra used which coping technique? |
| | A) | reappraisal |
| | B) | removing the stress |
| | C) | managing her reactions to stress |
| | D) | reassessment |
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| 15 | |
Donna doesn't understand why her professor keeps returning her papers and asking her to rewrite them consistent with the instructions in the syllabus and the professor's comments. Rather than seek help from her professor, Donna stuffs the papers in her notebook and puts off rewriting them. Which coping strategy is she using? |
| | A) | reaction formation |
| | B) | displacement |
| | C) | passive-aggression |
| | D) | withdrawal |
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| 16 | |
Dexter gets so angry with his mother that he wants to kill her. Instead, he writes a mystery novel in which the mother figure is murdered. By converting his unacceptable impulses into the socially approved activity of writing, Dexter is using which defense mechanism? |
| | A) | rationalization |
| | B) | intellectualization |
| | C) | sublimation |
| | D) | displacement |
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| 17 | |
Donald was very much in love with his girlfriend, but she just broke up with him. He decided that this was actually a good thing because she was a terrible nag and he could not see himself married to her. Donald used which defense mechanism? |
| | A) | rationalization |
| | B) | intellectualization |
| | C) | sublimation |
| | D) | displacement |
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| 18 | |
Allegra is taught to sense the difference between when her muscles are tense and when they are relaxed. Then her therapist slowly takes her through all of the muscle groups to become aware of how tension and relaxation feel. With much practice, she is able to achieve a deep state of relaxation. Allegra is receiving what type of training? |
| | A) | systematic desensitization |
| | B) | biofeedback |
| | C) | progressive relaxation |
| | D) | deep muscle relaxation |
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| 19 | |
Health psychologists suggest that the best way to promote good health is to |
| | A) | stay on a high-protein/low carbohydrate diet. |
| | B) | eat well and exercise. |
| | C) | exercise for at least an hour each day. |
| | D) | eat well and meditate. |
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| 20 | |
Which of the following groups of women is at lowest risk for contracting AIDS, but is more likely to develop breast cancer? |
| | A) | heterosexuals |
| | B) | lesbians |
| | C) | African Americans |
| | D) | Asian Americans |
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| 21 | |
Researchers suggest that the reason so few people exercise regularly is due to |
| | A) | lack of information about how to get started and what exercises to do. |
| | B) | exercising being too difficult. |
| | C) | the difficulty most people have getting started in an exercise program. |
| | D) | the difficulty most people have adhering to an exercise program. |
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| 22 | |
Based on the stress research, which of these women would be expected to be the healthiest? |
| | A) | Adriana, a single career woman with no children |
| | B) | Brenda, a single mother of two who is on welfare |
| | C) | Cora, a married woman with no children who loves running her own yarn shop |
| | D) | Debra, a married mother of two who is CEO of a Fortune 500 company |
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| 23 | |
Of the following, the incidence of AIDS is lowest in |
| | A) | Arabic countries. |
| | B) | Sub-Saharan Africa. |
| | C) | the United States. |
| | D) | technologically advanced cultures. |
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