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| 1 | |
Professor Rosenfield teaches the subfield of psychology that studies individuals as they interact with others. She teaches |
| | A) | interpersonal relationships. |
| | B) | social awareness. |
| | C) | social psychology. |
| | D) | sociology. |
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| 2 | |
Although Walter was typically quiet and mild-mannered, when he got together with several of his friends at hockey games, he consistently joined them in their rowdy, sometimes destructive, behavior. This change in Walter's behavior is likely due to |
| | A) | bystander apathy. |
| | B) | deindividuation. |
| | C) | scaffolding. |
| | D) | groupthink. |
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| 3 | |
Research studying uninvolved bystanders suggests that an individual who is injured is most likely to get help when |
| | A) | only one bystander is present. |
| | B) | only two or three bystanders are present. |
| | C) | a small group of bystanders are present. |
| | D) | many bystanders are present. |
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| 4 | |
Selma has been asked to perform a difficult task. If she is like most people, she will perform the task more quickly when she is |
| | A) | alone. |
| | B) | with a good friend. |
| | C) | with a stranger. |
| | D) | in a large group. |
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| 5 | |
The phenomenon referred to as "groupthink" results in |
| | A) | group brainstorming sessions. |
| | B) | faulty decision-making processes that occur in groups. |
| | C) | superior decision-making processes that occur in groups. |
| | D) | well thought-out ideas that occur in groups. |
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| 6 | |
Professor Solomon's class is studying the phenomenon of conformity. One result they are likely to find is that |
| | A) | study participants will be more likely to conform in a group of one hundred than in a group of seven. |
| | B) | if only one person in a large group disagrees with the others, study participants will most likely conform to the majority. |
| | C) | participants from individualistic cultures are more likely than those from collectivistic cultures to conform. |
| | D) | conformity occurs in all cultures. |
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| 7 | |
The social roles that were given to military prison guards at Abu Ghraib Prison during the Iraq war resulted in behavior similar to that seen in which of the following social psychology experiments? |
| | A) | Solomon Asch's conformity study. |
| | B) | Stanley Milgram's obedience study. |
| | C) | Philip Zimbardo's Stanford Prison study. |
| | D) | Latané, Darley, and Rodin's bystander study. |
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| 8 | |
Which of the early social psychology studies would not be considered ethical by today's standards? |
| | A) | Asch's conformity study |
| | B) | Milgram's obedience study |
| | C) | Sherif's study of the autokinetic effect |
| | D) | Latané, Darley, and Rodin's bystander study |
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| 9 | |
Evaluations that predispose us to act and feel in certain ways are referred to as |
| | A) | attitudes. |
| | B) | belief systems. |
| | C) | cognitions. |
| | D) | predispositions. |
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| 10 | |
One of the least important factors in determining the persuasiveness of a communication is |
| | A) | the speaker's credibility. |
| | B) | how the message is framed. |
| | C) | the listener's need for self-approval. |
| | D) | the logical quality of the argument. |
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| 11 | |
You are addressing a group of people who probably do not agree with your point of view. Your best strategy to get them to listen to your ideas would be to present |
| | A) | them only with your point of view. |
| | B) | them only with the opposing point of view. |
| | C) | them with your point of view as well as the opposing point of view. |
| | D) | only the problems with the opposing point of view. |
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| 12 | |
Of the following, you are most likely to persuade people who |
| | A) | have low self-esteem. |
| | B) | are in a small group. |
| | C) | are intelligent. |
| | D) | have a great need for social approval. |
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| 13 | |
Linda asks Patty to watch Linda's dog Bear for an hour while Linda goes to the doctor. Patty agrees. Soon after, Linda asks Patty to watch Bear for two weeks while Linda goes on vacation. Having previously agreed to the small request, Patty now agrees to the bigger request. This classic strategy of social influence is known as the _______ technique. |
| | A) | low-ball |
| | B) | foot-in-the-door |
| | C) | that's-not-all |
| | D) | door-in-the-face |
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| 14 | |
Carla smokes cigarettes. She feels guilty and embarrassed about it because she knows that cigarette smoking is the leading cause of lung cancer and other serious illnesses. Research on cognitive dissonance conducted by Festinger and Carlsmith suggests that if Carla is unable or unwilling to stop smoking, she is most likely to |
| | A) | keep trying new and different ways to stop smoking until she finds one that works. |
| | B) | change to a brand with lower nicotine. |
| | C) | change her attitude toward smoking in order to stop feeling guilty and embarrassed. |
| | D) | seek out research studies that suggest smoking may not be as bad as the media report. |
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| 15 | |
Inaccurate generalizations on which prejudice is based are called |
| | A) | attitudes. |
| | B) | attributions. |
| | C) | stereotypes. |
| | D) | discrimination. |
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| 16 | |
Which attitudes are most difficult to change? |
| | A) | explicit attitudes |
| | B) | automatic prejudice |
| | C) | conscious prejudice |
| | D) | stereotypes |
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| 17 | |
Mr. Riley, a middle school principal, wants to reduce racial and ethnic prejudice in his school. Which step would be most effective in his attempts to reach his goal? |
| | A) | Have the students engage in competitive tasks on an informal basis. |
| | B) | Have the students engage in cooperative tasks on an informal basis. |
| | C) | Place the lower status students in high status positions, such as crossing guards and hall monitors. |
| | D) | Educate the students and their parents about the dangers of prejudice |
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| 18 | |
The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990 was designed to |
| | A) | enable persons with physical challenges to gain access to public facilities and to the workplace. |
| | B) | educate the public about the needs of persons with physical challenges. |
| | C) | ensure that persons with physical disabilities are not subjected to discrimination. |
| | D) | create separate facilities to accommodate the needs of persons with physical disabilities. |
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| 19 | |
Meta-analytic research by Malle concerning the fundamental attribution error |
| | A) | supports the theory. |
| | B) | partially supports the theory. |
| | C) | finds no support for any part of the theory. |
| | D) | finds that rather than attribute other people's behavior to personality traits, people are more likely to attribute them to situational factors. |
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| 20 | |
Which of the following variables has been found to be most important in determining attraction? |
| | A) | attitude |
| | B) | intelligence |
| | C) | personality |
| | D) | physical attractiveness |
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| 21 | |
John is an average looking man. Research suggests that when he gets married, he is most likely to marry someone who is |
| | A) | also average looking. |
| | B) | better looking than he is. |
| | C) | less attractive than he is. |
| | D) | a kind person. |
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| 22 | |
When Harry met Sally, she had just gotten fired and was in a really bad mood. As a result, Harry found her to be rude and abrasive. Even though she was very upbeat and kind after that, Harry continued to see her in a negative light, which illustrates |
| | A) | the proximity effect. |
| | B) | the primacy effect. |
| | C) | perception theory. |
| | D) | reciprocal determinism. |
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| 23 | |
According to _____________ theory, partners are comfortable in their relationship when each perceives the ratio between their contributions and benefits as equal. |
| | A) | equality |
| | B) | zero-sum |
| | C) | companion |
| | D) | equity |
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| 24 | |
An important source of unfulfilled expectations in a romantic relationship described in the text is |
| | A) | change in physical appearance. |
| | B) | a shift from passionate love to companionate love. |
| | C) | a change in financial circumstances. |
| | D) | one person intellectually outgrows the other. |
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