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Multiple Choice Quiz
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1
The thick bundle of long nerves that runs from the brain through the spine is called the
A)spinal cord.
B)nervous system.
C)neuronal linkage.
D)central nervous system.
2
The individual nerve cells that are the most important unit of the nervous system are called
A)glial cells.
B)neurons.
C)basal cells.
D)the spinal cord.
3
The branches that carry neural messages from the cell body and transmit them to the next neurons are the
A)dendrites.
B)synapses.
C)axons.
D)nerves.
4
In terms of chemical content, the fluid on the outside of neurons is similar to
A)seawater.
B)distilled water.
C)drinking water.
D)the chlorinated water in a backyard swimming pool.
5
It is now believed that neural transmission operates
A)according to the all-or-none principle.
B)according to the polarization principle.
C)through the process of depolarization.
D)through graded electrical potentials.
6
The myelin sheath has two functions. One is to insulate axons, the other is to
A)slow transmission of neural messages.
B)inhibit transmission of selected neural messages.
C)increase the speed at which neural impulses are transmitted.
D)stimulate action potentials.
7
Neural messages are carried across the synaptic gap by chemical substances called
A)neurotransmitters.
B)neurons.
C)nerves.
D)synapses.
8
Glial cells surround neurons and transport nutrients from blood vessels to neurons. Glial cells also
A)regulate sleep cycles and dreaming.
B)act as the major excitatory cells in the central nervous system.
C)are involved in the control of large muscle movements.
D)influence the transmission of messages from one neuron to another across synaptic gaps.
9
The _________ consists of the brain and the spinal cord.
A)autonomic nervous system
B)peripheral nervous system
C)central nervous system
D)somatic nervous system
10
The autonomic nervous system plays a role in essential body functions, such as breathing and digestion. It also plays an important role in
A)reflexive behavior.
B)emotion.
C)cognitive processing.
D)voluntary muscle movements.
11
The sympathetic nervous system prepares the body to respond to psychological or physical stress, including such actions as
A)increasing salivation.
B)releasing bile from the liver to aid digestion of fats.
C)constricting the pupils of the eyes.
D)inhibiting the digestive tract.
12
Which part of the brain has the primary responsibility of performing routine "housekeeping" functions that keep the body working properly?
A)the hindbrain
B)the midbrain
C)the forebrain
D)the cerebral cortex
13
Which portion of the brain acts as a switching station for messages going to and from the brain?
A)the hippocampus
B)the amygdala
C)the thalamus
D)the hypothalamus
14
Paul had a stroke and now suffers from expressive aphasia—although he understands what is said to him, he has difficulty speaking. Paul most likely has had damage to what area of his brain?
A)Wernicke's area
B)Broca's area
C)the left parietal lobe
D)the occipital lobe
15
Cases like those of Phineas Gage and "J.Z." that are discussed in the text underscore the role of which portion of the brain in complex aspects of social and emotional behavior?
A)the hypothalamus
B)the hippocampus
C)the cerebral cortex
D)the frontal lobe
16
Which technique allows researchers to image the anatomy of the brain and measure the activity of specific parts of the brain?
A)magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
B)functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
C)electroencephalogram (EEG)
D)positron emission tomography (PET scans)
17
For most people, which area of the brain exercises the greatest control over language, such as analyzing logical verbal information?
A)the left cerebral hemisphere
B)the right cerebral hemisphere
C)the corpus callosum
D)the cerebellum
18
Neuroimaging studies of the brain have shown that
A)from childhood to middle age, gray matter increases in the cerebral cortex while white matter decreases.
B)neural pruning decreases the efficiency of neural systems by eliminating brain cells.
C)from childhood to middle age, white matter increases in the cerebral cortex while gray matter decreases.
D)new neurons no longer develop in the brain once adulthood has been reached.
19
Researchers have found that throughout life new neurons grow in the cortex and hippocampus through a process called
A)neurogenesis.
B)neural pruning.
C)neuroplasticity.
D)neuromorphosis.
20
The endocrine system consists of glands that secrete two kinds of chemical messengers: neuropeptides and
A)neurotransmitters.
B)endorphins.
C)hormones.
D)serotonin.
21
The adrenal glands secrete hormones that play an important role in reactions to stress. Which hormone is also important in the regulation of immunity to disease?
A)epinephrine
B)norepinephrine
C)cortisol
D)adrenaline
22
Which hormone causes the liver to convert its stored sugar into blood sugar and to dump it into the blood stream?
A)insulin
B)cortisol
C)epinephrine
D)glucagon
23
Which glands produce sex cells and secrete hormones that are important in sexual arousal and the development of secondary sex characteristics?
A)gonads
B)thyroid
C)parathyroid
D)pineal
24
Abnormalities in brain structure that leads to the abnormal life experiences in people with schizophrenia are reflected in abnormal levels of which neurotransmitter?
A)serotonin
B)GABA
C)acetylcholine
D)dopamine
25
Which theory of schizophrenia suggests that schizophrenia is most likely to occur in persons with a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia who experience some form of complication during pregnancy?
A)the double strike theory
B)diathesis-stress theory
C)the dopamine hypothesis
D)abnormal brain structure theory





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