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| 1 | |
The process of receiving information from the outside world, translating it, and transmitting it to the brain is called |
| | A) | sensation. |
| | B) | perception. |
| | C) | sensory reception. |
| | D) | neurotransmission. |
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| 2 | |
The process of interpreting information from the outside world and forming images of the world is called |
| | A) | sensation. |
| | B) | perception. |
| | C) | sensory reception. |
| | D) | neurotransmission. |
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| 3 | |
Energy from environmental stimuli is translated into neural impulses that the brain can use through the process of |
| | A) | interpretation. |
| | B) | perception. |
| | C) | neural encoding. |
| | D) | transduction. |
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| 4 | |
Faridah works for an electronics company and is trying to design a better audio system. She needs to understand the _________ threshold, the smallest magnitude of a stimulus that can be detected, and the _________ threshold, the smallest difference between two stimuli that can be detected half the time. |
| | A) | magnitude; difference |
| | B) | sensory; strength |
| | C) | absolute; difference |
| | D) | absolute; magnitude |
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| 5 | |
Nissim specializes in the field of psychology that studies sensory limits, sensory adaptation, and related topics. This field is called |
| | A) | psychophysics. |
| | B) | sensory psychology. |
| | C) | physiology. |
| | D) | sensory-perception. |
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| 6 | |
The two properties of light waves that provide us with most of our information about vision are |
| | A) | hue and saturation. |
| | B) | brightness and intensity. |
| | C) | frequency and intensity. |
| | D) | frequency and acuity. |
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| 7 | |
The retina of the eye contains two types of receptor cells, the rods and the cones. Only the cones |
| | A) | can code information about color. |
| | B) | are responsible for peripheral vision. |
| | C) | play an important role for vision in dim light. |
| | D) | send impulses to the brain on a single nerve fiber. |
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| 8 | |
Which theory of color vision states that there are two kinds of color-processing mechanisms that receive messages from three kinds of cones? |
| | A) | trichromatic theory |
| | B) | opponent-process theory |
| | C) | Weber's law |
| | D) | sensory adaptation theory |
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| 9 | |
Which aspect of sound is determined by the complexity of the sound wave? |
| | A) | frequency |
| | B) | pitch |
| | C) | intensity |
| | D) | timbre |
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| 10 | |
Carmine has suffered damage to his auditory nerve. It is likely that he will |
| | A) | be able to hear bone-conducted sounds fairly well, but not airborne sounds. |
| | B) | be able to hear airborne sounds fairly well, but not bone-conducted sounds. |
| | C) | have difficulty hearing both airborne and bone-conducted sounds. |
| | D) | hear low frequency sounds better than high frequency sounds. |
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| 11 | |
The vestibular organ, which is located in the inner section of the ear, provides the cerebral cortex with information about orientation and movement. Which part of the vestibular organ provides the most sensitive messages about orientation? |
| | A) | the semicircular canals |
| | B) | the saccule |
| | C) | the utricle |
| | D) | the cupula |
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| 12 | |
As he was building a bookcase, Talal missed the nail and hit his finger with the hammer. Which receptors will register his pain? |
| | A) | the basket cells |
| | B) | the nocioceptors |
| | C) | the tactile discs |
| | D) | the specialized end bulbs |
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| 13 | |
Gate-control theory hypothesizes that a matrix of neurons _________ regulates transmission of impulses from the nocioceptors to the cerebral cortex. |
| | A) | in the spinal cord |
| | B) | outside the spinal column |
| | C) | in the brain stem |
| | D) | throughout the entire body |
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| 14 | |
Gate neurons inhibit pain using substances called |
| | A) | epinephrine. |
| | B) | serotonin. |
| | C) | nucleopeptides. |
| | D) | endorphins. |
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| 15 | |
Pat lost his right leg when he was a soldier fighting in Iraq. He now experiences phantom pain for that missing limb. The most likely explanation is that |
| | A) | a neural message is stimulating the part of the cortex that used to serve input from the right leg. |
| | B) | this experience is an indication that Pat suffers from posttraumatic stress disorder. |
| | C) | the sensation of feeling in the lost leg is a purely psychological phenomenon. |
| | D) | he has not yet accepted the loss of his leg. |
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| 16 | |
Gustation refers to _________ and olfaction refers to _________. |
| | A) | touch; hearing |
| | B) | taste; smell |
| | C) | smell; taste |
| | D) | balance; sight |
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| 17 | |
It is well established that our taste buds respond to the sensations of sweetness, sourness, saltiness, and bitterness. Recently, a fifth taste sensation has been noted, which is |
| | A) | alkalinity. |
| | B) | tartness. |
| | C) | acidity. |
| | D) | fattiness. |
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| 18 | |
Research by Buck and Axel demonstrates that humans normally have how many different receptors for distinguishing odors? |
| | A) | approximately one hundred |
| | B) | hundreds, and perhaps thousands |
| | C) | at least a thousand |
| | D) | no more than a dozen |
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| 19 | |
After living together in their sorority house for several months, all of the young women's menstrual cycles became similarly timed. Researchers have found that this phenomenon is due to the influence of |
| | A) | hormones. |
| | B) | neurotransmitters. |
| | C) | pheromones. |
| | D) | mass hypnosis. |
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| 20 | |
Hermes is studying Gestalt principles affecting visual perception. Which of the following would be one of the principles that he studies? |
| | A) | proximity |
| | B) | brightness constancy |
| | C) | texture gradient |
| | D) | monocular cues |
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| 21 | |
Which monocular cue of depth perception relates to the fact that water vapor and pollution in the air scatter light waves, giving distant objects a bluish, hazy appearance compared with nearby objects? |
| | A) | accommodation |
| | B) | aerial perceptive |
| | C) | shadowing |
| | D) | texture gradient |
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| 22 | |
Which of the following is a binocular cue for depth perception? |
| | A) | accommodation |
| | B) | atmospheric perspective |
| | C) | linear perspective |
| | D) | retinal disparity |
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