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Multiple Choice Quiz
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1
According to the information-processing model of memory, information initially enters the memory system through
A)neurotransmitters.
B)sensory receptors.
C)the encoding process.
D)attention.
2
Research by George Sperling demonstrated that
A)information stored in the sensory register is a complete replica of the sensory experience.
B)auditory information is held for a longer period of time than visual information.
C)through rehearsal, we can retain information in our sensory register for a longer period of time.
D)information stored in the sensory register is an incomplete fragment of the original sensory experience.
3
Wendy wants to remember a phone number she just looked up. To keep the number in her short-term memory, she is most likely to use the strategy of
A)attention.
B)encoding.
C)elaboration.
D)rehearsal.
4
Professor Gottlieb gave his class a list of twelve words to remember. Students who recognized that the words fit into three specific categories had no problem recalling all twelve. These students used the strategy called
A)rehearsal.
B)method of loci.
C)chunking.
D)elaboration.
5
When comparing short-term memory and long-term memory, researchers have found that
A)although information is stored similarly in both systems, they have different methods for recalling information.
B)information is stored and recalled differently in these two memory systems.
C)the process of forgetting information is similar for both short-term memory and long-term memory.
D)although long-term memory is much more durable than short-term memory, in other ways the two systems are quite similar.
6
Although Andrea hadn't skied for ten years, when her new boyfriend suggested they go skiing, she had no problem keeping her balance and maneuvering her way down the slopes. Which type of memory was she using to ski?
A)episodic
B)semantic
C)procedural
D)declarative
7
When students take exams in classes like psychology, philosophy, and literature, they are most typically using __________ memory.
A)semantic
B)episodic
C)procedural
D)echoic
8
Anita remembers when her father taught her to ride a bicycle. He held onto the back of the bicycle seat to keep the bike steady and walked behind her as she pedaled up and down the block. Suddenly, she heard him call her name and when she looked she saw that he was standing 100 feet away—she was riding without his help. Anita's recollection of this event demonstrates which type of memory?
A)semantic
B)episodic
C)procedural
D)echoic
9
A multiple-choice exam relies on which way of retrieving information from long-term memory?
A)recognition
B)recall
C)relearning
D)recognition, recall, and relearning
10
The most sensitive method for evaluating memory is
A)recognition
B)recall
C)relearning
D)recitation
11
According to the ___________, people tend to remember items at the beginning and at the end of a list better than those items in the middle of the list.
A)long-term learning effect
B)tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
C)serial position effect
D)recency/primacy effect
12
Gail was asked a question and immediately replied, "Oh! I know that—it's on the tip of my tongue." If she is like most people, she has a fifty-fifty chance of remembering the information in a(n)
A)day.
B)hour or two.
C)half hour or so.
D)minute or so.
13
According to Craik and Lockhart, you will retain information that you learn in your psychology class better and longer if you elaborate on it, create associations between what you are learning and what you already know, and make the information meaningful. This is the basis of which model of memory?
A)information-processing
B)levels of processing
C)stage theory
D)the modal model
14
What role does interference play in forgetting in long-term memory (LTM)?
A)It overloads LTM's capacity.
B)It weakens ideas that are being stored in LTM.
C)It confuses the retrieval process.
D)It knocks ideas out of storage.
15
According to __________ theory, information is stored and retrieved from LTM using schemas called associative networks.
A)reconstruction
B)motivated forgetting
C)interference
D)decay
16
Memory research by Kearins with aboriginal and white Australian adolescents found that
A)the two groups used similar memory strategies to approach a memory task.
B)the two groups used different memory strategies to approach a memory task.
C)differences in memory strategies were more dependent on the age of the adolescents than on whether they were aboriginal or white.
D)aboriginal adolescents were considerably more impulsive and fidgety than the white adolescents.
17
Eric Kandel's memory research with snails found that
A)lower forms of animal life have poor memories.
B)snails do not learn from experience.
C)at least for some simple forms of memory, learned responses are remembered in changes in neurons at the synapse.
D)learned responses are primarily cognitive and emotional rather than being a biological phenomenon.
18
Ed, a heavy drinker for many years, suffers from both anterograde and retrograde amnesia. When he can't remember something he will make it up. Ed appears to be suffering from
A)antisocial personality disorder.
B)Korsakoff's syndrome.
C)schizophrenia.
D)fetal alcohol syndrome.
19
Research involving eyewitness testimony suggests that
A)eyewitness testimony is extremely unreliable.
B)eyewitness testimony is extremely reliable.
C)children and adolescents are generally more accurate with their memories than are adults.
D)it is extremely difficult to create distortions in witnesses' memories.
20
The U.S. Department of Justice recommends that when police attempt to obtain and use information from eyewitnesses in the most accurate way possible, they should
A)establish their sense of authority over the witness.
B)not use "fillers" in lineups.
C)give the witness feedback after the witness has identified a photo or a person in a lineup.
D)ask open-ended questions that allow the witness to speak.







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