Exercise Quizzes (See related pages) 1 Fungi are important ________, meaning they break down dead organisms and recycle nutrients. 2 The basic structure of a fungus is the ________, a slender filament of cytoplasm and nuclei enclosed by a cell wall. A) septum B) haustorium C) hypha D) mold 3 A ________ is a mass of hyphae that collectively make up an individual fungus. A) mycelium B) mushroom C) hypha D) mold 4 Fungi are ________, meaning they secrete enzymes for extracellular digestion and then absorb the digested nutrients. 5 Differentiate between saprophyte and parasite. 6 The thin extensions of hyphae that penetrate living cells and absorb nutrients are called ________ and are found in many parasitic fungi. 7 Fungal species with septa are coenocytic. A) True B) False 8 Fungi reproduce asexually be mitotic production of haploid vegetative cells called ________. 9 List the four major phyla of Kingdom Fungi. 10 Fungi have cell walls made of cellulose. A) True B) False 11 The phylum ________ has sexual spores borne externally on club-shaped structures. 12 The phylum ________ has motile sperm with flagella. 13 ________ occurs when haploid cells from two fungal mating strains fuse their cytoplasms. A) Karyogamy B) Plasmogamy C) Syngamy D) Zygogamy 14 ________ occurs when dikaryotic cells fuse their two nuclei to become a diploid zygote. A) Karyogamy B) Plasmogamy C) Syngamy D) Zygogamy 15 In the phylum Zygomycota, hyphae are modified into ________ (holdfasts), ________ (connective hyphae), and ________ (upright filaments supporting asexual sporangia). 16 During sexual reproduction in bread molds, the hyphae of + and – strains touch and form ________ which appear as swellings. 17 Ascomycetes reproduce asexually via modified hyphae called ________, which are chains of beadlike spores. A) gametangia B) sporangiophores C) basidiophores D) conidiophores 18 Dikaryotic cells contain two haploid nuclei that are not fused. A) True B) False 19 In kingdom Fungi, the zygote is the only diploid stage. A) True B) False 20 A lichen is a symbiotic relationship between an ascomycete fungus and a photosynthetic ________. 21 Describe two ways that fungi affect your life.
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