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| 1 | Members of the phyla Protista and Cnidaria are ________. |
 | A) | absorptive heterotrophs |
| B) | ingestive-feeding heterotrophs |
| C) | autotrophs |
| D) | chemotrophs |
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| 2 | Sponges lack tissues and organs. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 3 | Sponges are ________, meaning that their bodies have no symmetry or pattern. |
| A) | radially symmetrical |
| B) | bilaterally symmetrical |
| C) | asymmetrical |
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| 4 | How do sponges feed? |
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| 5 | Define choanocyte. |
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| 6 | Filtered water leaves a sponge through the osculum. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 7 | The wall of a sponge contains crystalline, spike-like skeletal structures that provide support and deter predation called ________. |
| A) | amoebocytes |
| B) | spicules |
| C) | mesenchymes |
| D) | spongocoels |
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| 8 | Asexual reproduction in sponges includes the release of stress-resistant aggregates of amoebocytes called ________. |
| A) | spores |
| B) | gametes |
| C) | gemmules |
| D) | endospores |
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| 9 | What are the four classes of the phylum Cnidaria? |
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| 10 | Cnidarians are ________. |
| A) | radially symmetrical |
| B) | bilaterally symmetrical |
| C) | asymmetrical |
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| 11 | Bodies of cnidarians have two cellular layers, a ________ on the outside, a ________ on the inside, and a gelatinous ________ between the two layers. |
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| 12 | What are the two basic body-plans of cnidarians? |
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| 13 | In cnidarians, after fertilization the zygote develops into a swimming mass of ciliated cells called ________. |
| A) | planula |
| B) | ephyra |
| C) | medusa |
| D) | mesoglea |
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| 14 | In cnidarians, polyps may bud immature medusae called ________. |
| A) | planulae |
| B) | ephyrae |
| C) | gonozoids |
| D) | gastrozooids |
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| 15 | How do cnidarians feed? |
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| 16 | Differentiate between cnidocytes and nematocysts. |
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| 17 | In cnidarians, food is pushed into a gastrovascular cavity and waste is moved out the same opening. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 18 | The alternation form the medusa to the polyp form in cnidarians is called ________. |
| A) | polygamy |
| B) | budding |
| C) | alteration of generations |
| D) | polymorphism |
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| 19 | In the class Scyphozoa, the medusa stage dominates the life cycle. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |
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| 20 | In the class Anthozoa, the medusa stage dominates the life cycle. |
| A) | True |
| B) | False |