Here are suggested answers to the Definitions items in this chapter of the Online Learning Center website.

1. A paradigm may be defined as a tool tha organizes and displays the various forms of a given grammatical structure. Paradigms are man-made and do not correspond to how knowledge is organized in the brain. They lack psycholinguistic validity.
2. In terms of grammar instruction, explicit information may be defined as information about language, most often in the form of grammatical explanations.
3. In Sharwood Smith’s (1993) use of the term, input enhancement is grammar instruction that involves using external techniques (e.g., highlighting the form) to draw learners’ attention to grammatical form in some way so that they perceive and notice it.