 |
| 1 | |
Noam Chomsky, who believes that Latin America is making progress toward integration, contends that |
| | A) | the International Monetary Fund is working in a positive way to help the different countries of Latin America to become united as a regional block. |
| | B) | neo-liberalism is of great social and economic benefit to Latin America. |
| | C) | indigenous and social movements are contributing to unify the region. |
| | D) | "populism" is a threat to the region. |
|
|
|
| 2 | |
Carlos Malamud, who does not believe that Latin America is making progress toward integration, asserts that |
| | A) | regional unification is hindered primarily by external rather than internal factors. |
| | B) | regional unification is hindered primarily by internal rather than external factors. |
| | C) | historically, there has been little discussion of integration. |
| | D) | historically, there are very few examples of nationalism in the region. |
|
|
|
| 3 | |
Carlos Alberto Montaner, who believes that democracy is threatened by the rise of the Left and recent social unrest, contends that |
| | A) | Hugo Chávez will be instrumental in restoring democracy and stability in the region. |
| | B) | Latin America is slowly "discivilizing." |
| | C) | Cuba is a model of democracy and economic policy. |
| | D) | Latin America is best understood as one ideological block. |
|
|
|
| 4 | |
Benjamin Dangl, who does not believe that democracy is threatened by the rise of the left and recent social unrest, argues that |
| | A) | the International Monetary Fund has had little influence over Latin American economic policies. |
| | B) | the United States has not unjustly intervened in Latin American politics or economic affairs. |
| | C) | indigenous groups have failed to participate in recent social movements. |
| | D) | recent political and social changes in the region will offer more political representation and better living and working conditions for Latin Americans. |
|
|
|
| 5 | |
According to Suárez Salazar, Cuba has gained limited access to the Caribbean Community (Caricom). What has been one of Cuba's main roles in this organization? |
| | A) | to provide sugar at low cost |
| | B) | to provide education to the poor |
| | C) | to provide training in treating HIV/AIDS |
| | D) | to provide military training |
|
|
|
| 6 | |
Though today most Latin American countries support lifting the U.S. led embargo against Cuba, according to Erikson's article, in 2002, seven Latin American countries joined other countries in the United Nations condemning Cuba for what other reason? |
| | A) | repression of political and civil liberties |
| | B) | trade with North Korea |
| | C) | military intervention in Ecuador |
|
|
|
| 7 | |
Robert B. Charles, who argues that Plan Colombia is effectively combating the drug industry in Colombia, contends that |
| | A) | although currently succeeding, it may soon be time to end Plan Colombia. |
| | B) | the drug industry has been completely eliminated. |
| | C) | the purpose of Plan Colombia is strictly focused on drugs. |
| | D) | Plan Colombia is not only concerned with combating the drug industry, but also fostering democracy, security, and the rule of law. |
|
|
|
| 8 | |
Linda Panetta, who does not believe that Plan Colombia is effectively combating the drug industry in Colombia, attests that |
| | A) | it is impossible to defeat narcoterrorists. |
| | B) | Plan Colombia is causing more environmental and physical harm than good. |
| | C) | more pesticides need to be used in order to effectively eradicate the large-scale coca plantations. |
| | D) | despite limited overall success, covert paramilitary operations have been an effective tool in combating powerful drug lords. |
|
|
|
| 9 | |
Puerto Rico is a territory of the United States and its people are United States citizens. Are any of the following also true? |
| | A) | Residents of Puerto Rico vote for the president of the United States. |
| | B) | Puerto Rico has a representative in Congress who has a voice and vote. |
| | C) | Puerto Rico has its own Olympic team. |
|
|
|
| 10 | |
According to Acevedo-Vilá the United States would benefit in enhancing Puerto Rico's Commonwealth status for the following reason(s): |
| | A) | for its commitment to democracy |
| | B) | to reduce Puerto Rico's economic dependency |
| | C) | it would help the United States' image abroad |
| | D) | all the above |
|
|
|
| 11 | |
Mexico's Undersecretary of Multilateral Affairs and Human Rights, who claims that the involvement of the Mexican Federal Government will help prevent killings in Ciudad Juárez, contends that |
| | A) | governmental involvement has led to a reduction in the number of these crimes committed. |
| | B) | the Mexican Federal Government has enacted a number of successful strategies that are leading to beneficial results. |
| | C) | the Mexican Federal Government could be more effective if foreign governments and international agencies would not get in the way. |
| | D) | all the cases have been solved due to governmental intervention. |
|
|
|
| 12 | |
Kent Paterson, who claims that the involvement of the Mexican Federal Government will not help prevent killings in Ciudad Juárez, contends that |
| | A) | corruption and incompetence in government obstructs any threads of progress or justice. |
| | B) | the Mexican Federal Government has too much to do elsewhere to effectively manage these crimes. |
| | C) | women need to take responsibility for placing themselves into risky situations. |
| | D) | there is nothing that can be done about the situation. |
|
|
|
| 13 | |
Greg Campbell, who argues that illegal immigrant gang members should at times be granted legal clemency from U.S. Law, contends that |
| | A) | most illegal immigrant gang members do not intend to break the law. |
| | B) | illegal immigrant gang members contribute greatly to our society and therefore should be exempt from prosecution. |
| | C) | illegal immigrant gang members frequently cannot return home if they quit the gang or they will likely be killed. |
| | D) | illegal immigrant gang members can be used as a tool to fight crime. |
|
|
|
| 14 | |
Heather MacDonald, who does not believe that illegal immigrant gang members should be granted legal clemency from U.S. law, attests that: |
| | A) | illegal immigrant gang members deserve to be deported and die. |
| | B) | illegal immigrant gang members are a significant source of violent crimes and should be arrested or jailed if they live in the United States illegally. |
| | C) | illegal immigrant gang members should file for citizenship in accordance with U.S. immigration law. |
| | D) | illegal immigrant gang members are taking jobs away from American citizens and lowering wages across the country. |
|
|
|
| 15 | |
According to Vásquez Sotelo, though in Latin America there is formal separation between Church and State, she states that the basis of legislation and public policy |
| | A) | is grounded on the Catholic Church's support of
contraception. |
| | B) | is grounded on the beliefs of religious institutions. |
| | C) | is to support abortion. |
|
|
|
| 16 | |
In October 2001, Colombia's bishops held a conference to discuss "Plan Colombia." Yet, they ended their discussions focusing on |
| | A) | the inconsistencies in the Colombian Penal Code between Articles 123 which states that abortion is a crime and 124 which contradicts this statement. |
| | B) | the progress that foreign organizations have made in making abortion legal in Colombia. |
| | C) | how an abortion pill was being distributed in the country illegally. |
| | D) | none of the above |
|
|
|
| 17 | |
De la Cadena explains that according to Latin American "culturalist" definitions, race could be explained by |
| | A) | biology. |
| | B) | culture. |
| | C) | language. |
| | D) | all the above |
|
|
|
| 18 | |
De la Cadena argues that in Peru people are judged not for their phenotype (physical characteristics), instead are judged mainly for their class and education. |
| | A) | true |
| | B) | false |
|
|
|
| 19 | |
Charlie Norwood, who believes that the Minutemen Project represents a reasonable and just way to address immigration across the Mexican-U.S. Border, contends that |
| | A) | the efforts of the Minutemen volunteers have had a direct impact in reducing the number of illegal immigrants entering the United States. |
| | B) | the efforts of the Minutemen volunteers have not yet had a direct impact in reducing the number of illegal immigrants entering the United States. |
| | C) | the Minutemen should halt their efforts to avoid being labeled "vigilantes." |
| | D) | the Minutemen should work to become a more transparent organization that is more open to the media. |
|
|
|
| 20 | |
Raúl Grijalva, who does not believe that volunteer border patrol groups represent a reasonable and just way to address immigration across the Mexican-U.S. Border, attests that |
| | A) | the Federal Government of the United States is adequately investigating the civil rights violations committed by volunteer groups. |
| | B) | local officials are doing their best to fight vigilantism along the border in Arizona. |
| | C) | there is an official tolerance of vigilantism along the border in Arizona. |
| | D) | legal prosecutions of these volunteers should be directed by local and state authorities. |
|
|
|
| 21 | |
Marcela A. Chaván de Matviuk, who believes the growth of Protestantism in Latin America during the 20th century represents one of the most extraordinary religious transformations in history, contends that |
| | A) | Latin Americans have been switching between a variety of non-Catholic religions for decades and that the "drop-out" rate for evangelicals is also extremely high. |
| | B) | the relational character of Latin American culture is a perfect fit for Pentecostal religious experience. |
| | C) | while many Latin Americans have converted to Pentecostalism, a great number should be designated as "non-practicing" believers. |
| | D) | while many Latin Americans have converted to Pentecostalism, a great number have difficulty living up to their commitment due to the "perfectionist character of Pentecostalism. |
|
|
|
| 22 | |
Edward L. Cleary, who believes that the growth of Protestantism in Latin America may not be as great as once thought, attests that |
| | A) | the terms used to refer to various Christian groups in Latin America are unsatisfactory. |
| | B) | orality and testimony are two aspects that must be considered in studying conversions. |
| | C) | the statistics on religious conversions are valid and indisputable. |
| | D) | very few of the converts to Pentecostalism have come from "nominal Catholics" who rarely attend church. |
|
|
|
| 23 | |
Why have countries where malaria is a problem stopped using DDT? |
| | A) | pressure from environmental groups |
| | B) | the availability of new products |
| | C) | high cost of DDT |
| | D) | economic resources are needed for other health issues |
|
|
|
| 24 | |
In his research, Paul Driessen found that even a small amount of DDT prevents malaria. It is also beneficial because |
| | A) | it is affordable. |
| | B) | it repels mosquitoes from homes. |
| | C) | it exterminates and disorients mosquitoes. |
| | D) | all the above |
|
|
|
| 25 | |
CINN, who believes that the economic benefits of a "dry canal" in Nicaragua outweigh the financial, human, and environmental costs, contends that |
| | A) | Nicaraguans will benefit from the economic impact for years to come. |
| | B) | because the plan is for a dry canal there will be virtually no negative environmental impacts. |
| | C) | because indigenous populations in the area also support the canal, Nicaragua is the best location for the dry canal. |
| | D) | because of Nicaragua's economic prosperity, it is the perfect country in which to construct the dry canal. |
|
|
|
| 26 | |
NicaNet, who believes that the economic benefits of a "dry canal" in Nicaragua do not outweigh the financial, human, and environmental costs, contends that |
| | A) | the proposed dry canal has absolutely no economic or functional benefits. |
| | B) | because only the indigenous populations want the dry canal, the remaining population will not benefit. |
| | C) | the negative impact on the banana industry is greater than the potential gains from the dry canal. |
| | D) | the majority of the economic benefits will serve multinational corporations and the elite. |
|
|
|
| 27 | |
Juan Izquierdo and Gustavo A. de la Riva see great potential in plant biotechnology for feeding the people of Latin America in the future. However, they contend that rural poverty and food insecurity continue to affect vast numbers of people in the region |
| | A) | even though the region is rarely disrupted by adverse environmental factors. |
| | B) | even though the region is rarely disrupted by adverse climatic factors. |
| | C) | even though there is an abundance of natural resources in Latin America and the Caribbean. |
| | D) | primarily because Latin America and the Caribbean lack the natural resources found in other regions of the world. |
|
|
|
| 28 | |
Silvia Ribeiro, who believes genetically modified maize has contaminated native crops and is a potential threat to agrobiodiversity, attests that transgenic crops |
| | A) | will indirectly force small-scale farmers to stop patenting their new crops. |
| | B) | will eventually be of great benefit to indigenous farming practices. |
| | C) | will indirectly benefit small-scale farming. |
| | D) | will indirectly force small-scale farmers to buy genetically engineered crops. |
|
|
|
| 29 | |
In Brazil, the MST (Landless Worker's Movement) supported President Lula's election because members believed that his administration would initiate a new era of agrarian reform. Instead |
| | A) | Lula pretended he had not had an agreement with MST. |
| | B) | MST pursued its own sustainable agricultural strategy for its members. |
| | C) | Lula embraced the austerity program that IMF (International Monetary Fund) proposed. |
|
|
|
| 30 | |
Petras and Veltmeyer argue that a key difference between the government's approach and MST's approach toward agriculture are their views of ecology and society. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
|
| 31 | |
Naomi Adelson, who believes that Mexico's public water sector faces great challenges and financial constraints, contends that private ownership or public-private partnerships |
| | A) | do not possess the financial resources necessary to stop Mexico City from sinking. |
| | B) | offer the financial resources necessary to improve water services and infrastructure but that water is not a commodity to be sold or owned by private companies. |
| | C) | offer both efficiency and the necessary financial resources to improve water services and infrastructure. |
| | D) | has not improved the leaks and shortages in Mexico City's water system. |
|
|
|
| 32 | |
Raúl Zibechi, who does not believe that privatization is without social and economic costs to the people of Latin America, attests that the transfer of state-owned entities to the private sector |
| | A) | has helped to eradicate corruption. |
| | B) | is a new form of plundering and conquest. |
| | C) | has led to a public health crisis. |
| | D) | has generally improved services to consumers in Latin America. |
|
|
|
| 33 | |
Dos Reis and her colleagues, who believe that the FTAA is good for Latin America, contend that |
| | A) | based on the benefits and successes of NAFTA, the FTAA is the next logical step. |
| | B) | NAFTA is too small to succeed so it is necessary for the Western Hemisphere to form an agreement that can be much more effective than NAFTA. |
| | C) | because of NAFTA, Mexico is now among the richest economies in the world and FTAA will do the same for many other Latin American countries. |
| | D) | by creating successful free trade throughout Latin America, leftist governments such as Venezuela and Cuba will abandon their more centrally-controlled economies. |
|
|
|
| 34 | |
Oxfam Canada, who does not believe that the FTAA is good for Latin America, contends that |
| | A) | small farmers may be killed as a result of being forced to do business with unscrupulous companies throughout Latin America. |
| | B) | Latin America's overall economy is generally quite solid and performing well beyond previous expectations, therefore eliminating the need for such trade agreements. |
| | C) | nobody in Latin America wants free trade. |
| | D) | so-called "free trade" agreements tend to benefit the rich and large corporations. |
|
|
|
| 35 | |
Adolfo A. Franco, who believes that international aid is successfully promoting development and stability in Latin America, contends that |
| | A) | the deployment of U.S. military forces is the fastest, most secure form of international aid in the promotion of the rule of law. |
| | B) | Cuba has been slow to develop because it does not receive aid from the U.S. |
| | C) | democracy and prosperity go hand-in-hand with development and stability. |
| | D) | international aid in the form of supporting strong, right-wing dictators is the key to stability in Latin America. |
|
|
|
| 36 | |
J. Michael Waller, who does not believe that international aid is successfully promoting development and stability in Latin America, attests that |
| | A) | no amount of aid can help Latin America recover from the oil shocks of the 1970s or pay back the massive debt they have acquired. |
| | B) | paramilitary operations are the only form of aid that has a proven track record of success. |
| | C) | because of high levels of corruption at USAID, aid programs have failed. |
| | D) | the inability to measure the success of aid dollars has greatly led to ineffectiveness. |
|
|
.