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1
Signs that the media was losing its liberal bias were apparent in the 1980s, Fred Barnes explains, as indicated by all of the following except
A)a pro-Reagan outlook.
B)extensive financial news coverage.
C)an emphasis on traditional family values.
D)the rise of conservative columnists.
2
In order to explain President Bush’s re-election, Robert F. Kennedy Jr. notes, political pundits cited the
A)current economic boom.
B)rise in religious fundamentalism.
C)successes in foreign policy.
D)rising U.S. reputation abroad.
3
Mark Krikorian, who believes that Third World immigration is a threat to America’s way of life, suggests that what is different about immigration today, as opposed to a century ago, is the characteristics of
A)the newcomers.
B)the “new” Third World.
C)the rest of the industrial world.
D)our society.
4
Jason L. Riley, who does not believe that Third World immigration is a threat to America’s way of life, describes today’s Latino immigrants (as compared to immigrants of the past) as
A)dissatisfied.
B)newer.
C)different.
D)same old, same old.
5
What are two new terms that Ahrons uses to describe divorced families with which Marquardt takes issue?
A)Healthy and Well-Adjusted
B)Binuclear and Tribe
C)Combined and Growing
D)Groundbreaking and Courageous
6
What language would Marquardt prefer Ahrons use to describe divorced families, other than “changed” or “rearranged”?
A)Damaged or Destroyed
B)Sad or Pitiable
C)Unbearable or Depressing
D)Disrupted or Sidetracked
7
Linda Hirshman, who contends that women are continuing to “opt out” of work in favor of family, emphasizes that
A)feminist influence has made no change in women’s lives.
B)feminist influence has changed some of women’s choices, but not the results of those choices.
C)feminist influence has had a positive effect on family life.
D)feminist influence has had a positive effect on work life.
8
Pamela Stone, who suggests that being women have little choice when deciding between work and family, believes that
A)high-achieving women rarely end up taking care of their children.
B)work places tend to offer women great flexibility for maintaining both careers and family.
C)high-achieving women are often surprised by the pressures of balancing work and family life.
D)public policy tends to pressure women towards staying at work.
9
According to the Human Rights Campaign, same-gender couples may want to marry for all of the following reasons, except
A)To have legal protection and security for themselves and any children they may have.
B)To have the social recognition of family, friends, and society at large.
C)To advance their political agenda in order to spite heterosexual couples.
D)To benefit from the emotional and financial structure that legal marriage can afford many couples.
10
According to HRC, why aren’t “civil unions” enough for same-gender couples?
A)“Civil union” just doesn’t sound as serious or life-long as “marriage.”
B)Civil unions must be conducted by a justice of the peace, and many same-gender couples desire a religious ceremony.
C)They are done in private, so that the couple does not receive the same social recognition as people who marry.
D)Civil unions only provide state-level benefits, which are recognized on a state-by-state basis, not the 1000+ federal benefits that marriage offers.
11
In the early twentieth century, James Kurth explains, Henry Ford was willing to pay his factory workers twice the going rate in order to
A)ensure their loyalty.
B)project the idea that the company was an extended family.
C)create a broad middle class that could afford his cars.
D)reduce the competition from other automakers.
12
Gary S. Becker and Kevin M. Murphy point out that today’s labor market places the greatest emphasis on
A)level of education.
B)creating a diverse workforce.
C)worker flexibility.
D)networking and personal connections.
13
Alvin Poussaint, who believes that America is moving toward a post-racial society, was once a script consultant for
A)Sanford and Son.
B)The Jeffersons.
C)The Cosby Show.
D)All in the Family.
14
Lawrence D. Bobo, who does not believe that America is moving toward a post-racial society, notes that March 7, 1965, known as Bloody Sunday, led to the
A)march from Selma to Montgomery.
B)Woolworth’s lunch counter sit-in by students in Greensboro, North Carolina.
C)bombing of a Baptist church in Birmingham, Alabama.
D)Montgomery, Alabama, bus boycott.
15
Barbara Epstein, who believes that feminism has benefited American society, concludes with a call for
A)the redefining of feminism as an idea.
B)the abandonment of the quest for an egalitarian society and a new focus on individualism.
C)more women getting involved in academia.
D)a return to a revised version of radical feminism.
16
Kate O’Beirne, who does not believe that feminism has benefited American society, cites a researcher who noted that all of the “big things in life,” including health and long life, depend on
A)financial stability.
B)marriage.
C)self-actualization.
D)equality.
17
Both Lips and Shackleton agree that
A)the gender wage gap has decreased over the past 25 years.
B)the gender wage gap has remained the same over the past 25 years.
C)there is still a gender wage gap today.
D)the gender wage gap has become nominal.
18
Shackleton suggests that the primary explanation for the gender wage gap is differences in
A)levels of education.
B)employer discrimination.
C)perceived value of work performed.
D)employee’s choices.
19
After the U.S. Civil War, the People’s Party, also known as the Populists, were motivated by the all of the following except
A)government corruption.
B)industrial monopolies.
C)increasing immigration.
D)economic hardship for western farmers.
20
A frequently cited example of the negative aspect of minority rule used by pluralists is the
A)write-in political candidate.
B)Senate filibuster.
C)union strike.
D)appeal to the Supreme Court.
21
Robert B. Reich, who believes that capitalism undermines democracy, says that conventional wisdom holds that where either capitalism or democracy flourishes
A)the social imperatives remain the same.
B)prosperity is the order of the day.
C)the other must soon follow.
D)the other withers away.
22
Anthony B. Kim, who does not believe that capitalism undermines democracy, points out that economic freedom is a powerful building block for advancing
A)a stabilized civilization.
B)globalism.
C)democratic governance.
D)superiority on the world stage.
23
Joseph E. Stiglitz, who believes that government should intervene in a capitalist economy, makes the simple statement that information is
A)cheap.
B)a public good.
C)overrated.
D)a rare commodity.
24
Walter Williams, who does not believe that government should intervene in a capitalist economy, maintains that most of what America’s Founders understood as legitimate powers of the federal government are enumerated in
A)Article 3 of the Articles of Confederation.
B)the Bill of Rights.
C)the Declaration of Independence.
D)Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution.
25
David Coates, who believes that welfare reform has benefited the poor, points out that the earliest welfare state in the modern world was developed in
A)France.
B)Italy.
C)Germany.
D)Canada.
26
Stephanie Mencimer, who does not believe that welfare reform has benefited the poor, maintains that the welfare system today is
A)dying a quiet death.
B)still the polarizing, racially tinged political issue it was when Ronald Reagan attacked “welfare queens.”
C)on the verge of a revolution.
D)showing signs of rejuvenation.
27
Some policy experts, such as Phillip C. Schlechty, maintain that local control over education is particularly important in that it
A)contributes to a sense of community.
B)can be designed to meet the specific goals of a community.
C)counteracts overreaching by the federal government in other areas of people’s lives.
D)is primarily financed by the local government.
28
Soon, as Sharon L. Nichols and David C. Berliner report, the testing requirements of NCLB will be expanded to include
A)civics.
B)history.
C)science.
D)a foreign language.
29
The members of the President’s Council on Bioethics, who believe that biotechnology should be used to alter and enhance humans, note that at first glance, a memory-altering drug would seem ideally suited for the prevention of
A)post-traumatic stress disorder.
B)combat fatigue.
C)schizophreniform disorder.
D)delusional recall.
30
Michael J. Sandel, who does not believe that biotechnology should be used to alter and enhance humans, describes a case in which a man and woman were criticized for their efforts to have a child who was
A)taller than average.
B)gifted with musical ability.
C)likely to be homosexual.
D)deaf from birth.
31
David A. Anderson, who believes that street crime is more harmful than white-collar crime, is surprised to find that, compared to every other category of crime, the crime that generates the smallest volume of transfers is
A)fraud.
B)robbery.
C)petty theft.
D)drug trafficking.
32
Jeffrey Reiman, who does not believe that street crime, is more harmful than white-collar crime, argues that Americans tend to define crime as
A)illegal behavior.
B)actions that cause misery.
C)dangerous actions of the poor.
D)violations of social norms.
33
There are several variations of the definition of legalization of drugs. Kleber and Califano argue that legalization policy proposals are
A)establishing an open and free market for drugs.
B)making drugs legal for the adult population, but illegal for minors.
C)having only the government produce and sell drugs.
D)allowing a private market in drugs, but with restrictions on advertising, dosage, and place of consumption.
E)all of the above.
34
Law Enforcement Against Prohibition (LEAP) is an organization of law enforcement officials who believe in drug legalization and regulation. Current and former members of these organizations are
A)policemen, prison guards, and military police.
B)policemen, prison guards, Drug Enforcement Administration agents, judges and prosecutors.
C)policemen, Drug Enforcement Administration agents and Department of Justice Officials.
D)judges, prosecutors and state and federal Congress men and women.
35
Brian Michael Jenkins, who believes we are headed toward a nuclear 9/11, asserts that terrorism has increasingly become
A)the subject to avoid in high places.
B)an effective strategic weapon.
C)a media favorite.
D)“uninteresting” news.
36
Graham Allison, who does not believe we are headed toward a nuclear 9/11, makes a case for the creation of
A)a network of bomb-proof underground shelters.
B)a global alliance against nuclear terrorism.
C)an international military team trained in catastrophic first response.
D)an alliance of Western scientists for the development of anti-nuclear systems.
37
Mirko Bagaric and Julie Clarke, who believe that torture is sometimes justified, argue that
A)torture can be a useful means of acquiring information in certain cases.
B)in torturing terrorists who themselves use torture, we are simply fighting fire with fire.
C)other nations recognize the use of torture, and if we do not do the same, then we will be at a disadvantage.
D)torture has a bad name today because it was used by religious fanatics in the past, but today it can be used for people who commit serious physical crimes—not “sins” or theological offenses.
38
Philip E. Devine, who does not believe that torture is ever justified, explains that severe physical pain
A)has never been a concern of the Geneva Convention.
B)is not an objective concept.
C)does not necessarily block out the higher human capacities.
D)occupies the entire consciousness.
39
The George W. Bush White House, which believes that immigration benefits the economy, tells us that a simple and frequently cited metric of natives’ total gains from immigration is known as the
A)foreigner factor.
B)non-native quotient.
C)native-born net.
D)immigration surplus.
40
Steven A. Camarota, who does not believe that immigration benefits the economy, wants us to understand that an increase in the size of the economy
A)is not, by itself, a benefit to the entire population.
B)benefits everyone in the population, to varying degrees.
C)would have to represent extraordinary growth before any benefit would be appreciable.
D)is a purely subjective concept.
41
Lester R. Brown, who believes that humankind is dangerously harming the environment, points out that the Sumerians’ flawed irrigation system resulted in
A)a sophisticated dam project.
B)rising salt levels in the soil.
C)widespread flooding.
D)permanently drained rivers.
42
Bjorn Lomborg, who does not believe that humankind is dangerously harming the environment, objects to the Kyoto Treaty because it
A)could not be implemented efficiently.
B)merely buys the world six years.
C)puts too much of the financial burden on the United States.
D)is unfair to Third World countries.
43
The core principle of globalization, according to the IMF staff, is the
A)protection of intellectual property.
B)free exchange of ideas and culture.
C)unhindered exchange of international goods and services.
D)commitment of governments to greater openness and transparency.
44
The push to reduce trade barriers after World War II was an effort by nations to
A)prevent future wars.
B)undertake the massive reconstruction effort needed after the war.
C)share new technologies for the good of humanity.
D)enable their corporations to become multinational institutions.
45
Joshua Holland, who believes that stimulus is the best way to get America back on its feet, quotes Paul Krugman’s assertion that income inequality marches hand in hand with:
A)the growth of protest movements.
B)government austerity programs.
C)greater need for social safety-net programs.
D)political polarization.
46
Dwight R. Lee, who does not believe that stimulus is the best way to get America back on its feet, says that the problem with Keynesian economics is that it is focused almost entirely on short-run, demand-side concerns while almost entirely ignoring the long-run importance of:
A)economic productivity.
B)supply-side trickle-down benefits.
C)political support.
D)trade imbalances.
47
Aaron Smith, who believes that social media has largely positive impacts on its users, reports that the major reason given by the majority of people responding to a survey for using social media was:
A)connecting with old friends.
B)staying in touch with current friends.
C)making new friends.
D)finding potential romantic or dating partners.
48
Janna Quitney Anderson and Lee Rainie, who do not believe that social media has largely positive impacts on its users, report on a survey of technology experts who were asked to imagine the potential impact of technology on the young by the year:
A)2020.
B)2050
C)2075.
D)2100.







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