List of illustrations 
Preface 


AN AGE OF EXPANSION, 1865-1910
From Romanticism to Realism 
Regionalism 
The Gilded Age 
Timeline: An Age of Expansion 
NEW VOICES IN POETRY 
WALT WHITMAN (1819–1892)
Song of Myself 
I Saw in Louisiana a Live-Oak Growing 
Crossing Brooklyn Ferry 
Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking 
When I Heard the Learn'd Astronomer 
Cavalry Crossing a Ford 
When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd 
To a Common Prostitute 
A Noiseless Patient Spider
EMILY DICKINSON (1830-1886)
49 [I never lost as much but twice] 
67 [Success is counted sweetest] 
130 [These are the days when Birds come back—] 
214 [I taste a liquor never brewed—] 
241 [I like a look of Agony] 
249 [Wild Nights—Wild Nights!] 
252 [I can wade Grief—] 
258 [There's a certain Slant of light] 
280 [I felt a Funeral, in my Brain] 
285 [The Robin's my Criterion for Tune—] 
288 [I'm Nobody! Who are you?] 
290 [Of Bronze—and Blaze—] 
303 [The Soul selects her own Society—] 
320 [We play at Paste—] 
324 [Some keep the Sabbath going to Church] 
328 [A Bird came down the Walk—] 
341 [After great pain, a formal feeling comes—] 
376 [Of Course—I prayed—] 
401 [What Soft—Cherubic Creatures—] 
435 [Much Madness is divinest Sense—] 
441 [This is my letter to the World] 
448 [This was a Poet—It is That] 
449 [I died for Beauty—but was scarce] 
465 [I heard a Fly buzz—when I died—] 
511 [If you were coming in the Fall] 
556 [The Brain, within its Groove] 
579 [I had been hungry, all the Years—] 
585 [I like to see it lap the Miles—] 
632 [The Brain—is wider than the Sky—] 
636 [The Way I read a Letter's—this—] 
640 [I cannot live with You—] 
650 [Pain—has a Element of Blank—] 
657 [I dwell in Possibility—] 
712 [Because I could not stop for Death—] 
732 [She rose to His Requirement—dropt] 
754 [My Life had stood—a Loaded Gun—] 
816 [A Death blow is a Life blow to Some] 
823 [Not what We did, shall be the test] 
986 [A narrow Fellow in the Grass] 
1052 [I never saw a Moor—] 
1078 [The Bustle in a House] 
1082 [Revolution is the Pod] 
1100 [The last Night that She lived] 
1129 [Tell all the Truth but tell it slant—] 
1207 [He preached upon "Breadth" till it argued him narrow—] 
1263 [There is no Frigate like a Book] 
1304 [Not with a Club, the Heart is broken] 
1463 [A Route of Evanescence] 
1540 [As imperceptibly as Grief] 
1587 [He ate and drank the precious Words—] 
1624 [Apparently with no surprise] 
1732 [My life closed twice before its close—] 
1760 [Elysium is as far as to] 


CROSSCURRENTS: Freedom in the Gilded Age 
WALT WHITMAN (1819–1892)
From Democratic Vistas
HENRY ADAMS (1838–1918)
From The Education of Henry Adams
Chapter XVII: President Grant (1869)
GEORGE WASHINGTON CABLE (1844–1915)
From The Freedman’s Case in Equity
[The Perpetual Alien]
BOOKER T. WASHINGTON (1856–1915)
From Up from Slavery
The Struggle for an Education 


REALISM AND NATURALISM, 1880–1920
Realism 
Spiritual Unrest 
Naturalism 
Timeline: The Turn of the Century 
LOUISA MAY ALCOTT (1832-1888)
From Little Women
Playing Pilgrims 
A Merry Christmas 
The Laurence Boy
MARK TWAIN (1835-1910)
The Notorious Jumping Frog of Calaveras County 
From Roughing It
[When the Buffalo Climbed a Tree]
From Life on the Mississippi
The Boys' Ambition 
[A Mississippi Cub-Pilot]
Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 
How to Tell a Story 
The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg
WILLIAM DEAN HOWELLS (1837-1920)
From Criticism and Fiction 
Chapter II [The True Standard of the Arts] 
Chapter XIII [How Can an Art Decay?] 
Chapter XXI [American and Old World Novelists] 
Chapter XXIV [The Prudishness of the Anglo-Saxon Novel] 
Editha
HENRY JAMES (1843-1916)
Daisy Miller 
The Real Thing 
The Beast in the Jungle 
The Art of Fiction
BRET HARTE (1836-1902)
The Outcasts of Poker Flat
RED CLOUD (c. 1822-1909)
[All I Want Is Peace and Justice]
SARAH WINNEMUCCA HOPKINS (1844-1891)
From Life among the Piutes
Chapter 1: First Meeting of Piutes and Whites
AMBROSE BIERCE (1842-1914?)
*Chickamauga
GEORGE WASHINGTON CABLE (1844-1925)
Belles Demoiselles Plantation
JOEL CHANDLER HARRIS (1848-1908)
The Wonderful Tar-Baby Story 
Mr. Rabbit Finds His Match at Last
HENRY ADAMS (1838-1918)
The Dynamo and the Virgin
SARAH ORNE JEWETT (1849-1909)
A White Heron
KATE CHOPIN (1851-1904)
The Story of an Hour 
The Awakening
MARY E. WILKINS FREEMAN (1852-1930)
The Revolt of "Mother"
CHARLES W. CHESNUTT (1858-1932)
The Passing of Grandison
ABRAHAM CAHAN
*A Ghetto Wedding 


CROSSCURRENTS: Prosperity and Social Justice at the Turn of the Century 
ANDREW CARNEGIE (1835–1919)
From Wealth
STEPHEN CRANE (1871–1900)
The Trees in the Garden Rained Flowers
WILLIAM VAUGHN MOODY (1869–1910)
Gloucester Moors 
On Soldier Fallen in the Philippines
ZITKALA-SA (1876–1938)
Retrospection
W. E. B. DU BOIS (1868–1963)
From The Souls of Black Folk
Of Mr. Booker T. Washington and Others 


HAMLIN GARLAND (1860-1940)
Under the Lion's Paw
CHARLOTTE PERKINS GILMAN (1860-1935)
The Yellow Wallpaper
FRANK NORRIS (1870-1902)
A Plea for Romantic Fiction
STEPHEN CRANE (1871-1900)
A God in Wrath 
Once I Saw Mountains Angry 
A Man Saw a Ball of Gold in the Sky 
God Lay Dead in Heaven 
Do Not Weep, Maiden, for War Is Kind 
The Wayfarer 
A Man Said to the Universe 
Maggie: A Girl of the Streets 
The Open Boat
PAUL LAURENCE DUNBAR (1872-1906)
We Wear the Mask 
A Death Song 
Life's Tragedy 
At the Tavern 
Sympathy
EDITH WHARTON (1862-1937)
The Muse's Tragedy 
Roman Fever
THEODORE DREISER (1871-1945)
The Second Choice
EDITH MAUD EATON (SUI SIN FAR) (1865–1914)
In the Land of the Free
JACK LONDON (1876-1916)
To Build a Fire 


LITERARY RENAISSANCE, 1910-1930
Twentieth-Century Renaissance 
Poetry between the Wars 
Timeline: Literary Renaissance 
NEW DIRECTIONS: THE FIRST WAVE 
EDWIN ARLINGTON ROBINSON (1869-1935)
Luke Havergal 
The House on the Hill 
Richard Cory 
Miniver Cheevy 
Eros Turannos 
Mr. Flood's Party 
The Mill 
Firelight 
New England
WILLA CATHER (1873-1947)
Neighbour Rosicky
ELLEN GLASGOW (1873-1945)
Jordan's End
GERTRUDE STEIN (1873-1945)
From Tender Buttons 
From The Making of Americans
JOHN MILTON OSKISON (1874–1947)
The Problem with Old Harjo
EDGAR LEE MASTERS (1868-1950)
Petit, the Poet 
Elsa Wertman 
Hamilton Greene 
Carl Hamblin 
Lucinda Matlock 
Davis Matlock
ROBERT FROST (1874-1946)
The Tuft of Flowers 
Mending Wall 
The Death of the Hired Man 
Home Burial 
After Apple-Picking 
The Wood-Pile 
The Road Not Taken 
The Oven Bird 
Birches 
The Hill Wife 
The Ax-Helve 
Fire and Ice 
Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening 
Desert Places 
Design 
Come In 
Directive
CARL SANDBURG (1878-1967)
*Chicago 
Fog 
Nocturne in a Deserted Brickyard 
Gone 
A Fence 
Grass 
Southern Pacific 
Washerwoman
SHERWOOD ANDERSON (1876-1941)
The Book of the Grotesque 
Adventure
SUSAN GLASPELL (1876?-1948)
Trifles
EZRA POUND (1885-1972)
The River-Merchant's Wife: A Letter 
From A Pact 
In a Station of the Metro 
Hugh Selwyn Mauberley 
From The Cantos
I: [And then went down to the ship] 
XIII: [Kung walked] 
From LXXXI: [What thou lovest well remains] 
CXVI: [Came Neptunus]
T. S. ELIOT (1888-1965)
The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock 
Gerontion 
The Waste Land 
The Hollow Men
AMY LOWELL (1874-1925)
Patterns 
A Decade 
Meeting-House Hill
ELINOR WYLIE (1885-1928)
Wild Peaches 
Sanctuary 
Prophecy 
Let No Charitable Hope 
O Virtuous Light
H. D. (HILDA DOOLITTLE) (1886-1961)
Heat 
Heliodora 
Lethe 
Sigil
POETS OF IDEA AND ORDER 
WALLACE STEVENS (1879-1955)
Peter Quince at the Clavier 
Disillusionment of Ten O'Clock 
Sunday Morning 
Depression before Spring 
Ploughing on Sunday 
Anecdote of the Jar 
The Snow Man 
Bantams in Pine-Woods 
A High-Toned Old Christian Woman 
The Emperor of Ice-Cream 
To the One of Fictive Music 
The Idea of Order at Key West 
A Postcard from the Volcano 
Of Modern Poetry 
No Possum, No Sop, No Taters 
The Plain Sense of Things 
Of Mere Being
WILLIAM CARLOS WILLIAMS (1883-1963)
The Young Housewife 
Tract 
To Mark Anthony in Heaven 
Portrait of a Lady 
Queen-Anne's-Lace 
The Great Figure 
Spring and All 
The Red Wheelbarrow 
This Is Just to Say 
A Sort of a Song 
The Dance 
The Ivy Crown
MARIANNE MOORE (1887-1972)
Poetry 
In the Days of Prismatic Color 
An Egyptian Pulled Glass Bottle in the Shape of a Fish 
No Swan So Fine 
The Pangolin 
The Mind Is an Enchanting Thing 
In Distrust of Merits 
A Jelly-Fish
JOHN CROWE RANSOM (1888-1974)
Winter Remembered 
Bells for John Whiteside's Daughter 
Blue Girls 
Antique Harvesters
HART CRANE (1899-1932)
At Melville's Tomb 
From The Bridge
To Brooklyn Bridge 
Van Winkle 
The River 
The Tunnel
A LITERATURE OF SOCIAL AND CULTURAL CHALLENGE, 1920-1945
Drama between the Wars 
Primitivism 
The Roaring Twenties and the Lost Generation 
The Harlem Renaissance 
Depression and Totalitarian Menace 
Timeline: A Literature of Social and Cultural Challenge 
EUGENE O'NEILL (1888-1953)
The Hairy Ape
ROBINSON JEFFERS (1887-1962)
To the Stone-Cutters 
Roan Stallion 
Shine, Perishing Republic 
Hurt Hawks 
The Purse-Seine
CLAUDE MCKAY (1889-1948)
The Harlem Dancer 
Harlem Shadows 
America 
Outcast
EDNA ST. VINCENT MILLAY (1892-1950)
First Fig 
[I Shall Go Back Again to the Bleak Shore] 
[What Lips My Lips Have Kissed, and Where, and Why] 
[She Had a Horror He Would Die at Night] 
Justice Denied in Massachusetts 
[This Beast That Rends Me in the Sight of All] 
[Since of No Creature Living the Last Breath] 
[Love Is Not All: It Is Not Meat Nor Drink] 
[Even in the Moment of Our Earliest Kiss] 
[Those Hours When Happy Hours Were My Estate] 
[I Will Put Chaos into Fourteen Lines]
E. E. CUMMINGS (1894-1962)
Thy Fingers Make Early Flowers Of 
When God Lets My Body Be 
In Just- 
Buffalo Bill's 
My Sweet Old Etcetera 
I Sing of Olaf Glad and Big 
If There Are Any Heavens 
Somewhere I Have Never Traveled, Gladly Beyond 
Anyone Lived in a Pretty How Town 
My Father Moved through Dooms of Love 
Up into the Silence the Green 
Plato Told 
When Serpents Bargain for the Right to Squirm 
I Thank You God 


CROSSCURRENTS: The Jazz Age and the Harlem Renaissance 
JAMES WELDON JOHNSON (1871–1938)
[Negro Dialect]
PAUL ROBESON (1898- 1976)
Reflections on O'Neill's Plays
LANGSTON HUGHES (1902–1967)
When the Negro Was in Vogue
ST. JAMES INFIRMARY BLUES 


JEAN TOOMER (1894-1967)
Karintha 
Reapers 
November Cotton Flower
COUNTEE CULLEN (1903-1946)
Yet Do I Marvel 
Heritage 
For My Grandmother 
For a Lady I Know
LANGSTON HUGHES (1902-1967)
The Negro Speaks of Rivers 
The Weary Blues 
Song for a Dark Girl 
Trumpet Player 
Dream Boogie 
Motto 
Green Memory 
Harlem
F. SCOTT FITZGERALD (1896-1940)
Babylon Revisited
JOHN DOS PASSOS (1896-1970)
From The 42nd Parallel
Big Bill
From 1919
The House of Morgan 
The Body of an American
From The Big Money
Newsreel LXVI 
The Camera Eye (50) 
Vag
WILLIAM FAULKNER (1897-1962)
That Evening Sun 
Barn Burning
ERNEST HEMINGWAY (1899-1961)
Big Two-Hearted River: Part I 
Big Two-Hearted River: Part II
THOMAS WOLFE (1900-1938)
An Angel on the Porch
KATHERINE ANNE PORTER (1890-1980)
The Jilting of Granny Weatherall
ZORA NEALE HURSTON (1891-1960)
From Their Eyes Were Watching God
[The Yellow Mule]
JOHN STEINBECK (1902-1968)
The Chrysanthemums
RICHARD WRIGHT (1908-1960)
From Black Boy
[A Five Dollar Fight]
WOODY GUTHRIE (1912-1967)
This Land Is Your Land 
Pastures of Plenty 
The Sinking of the Reuben James 
Hard Travelin’ 
Plane Wreck at Los Gatos
THE SECOND WORLD WAR AND ITS AFTERMATH, 1945-1973
Postwar Drama 
Postwar Poetry 
Postwar Fiction 
Multiculturalism 
The Postmodern Impulse 
Timeline: The Second World War and Its Aftermath 
DRAMA 
TENNESSEE WILLIAMS (1911-1983)
The Glass Menagerie
ARTHUR MILLER (1915- )
Death of a Salesman
EDWARD ALBEE (1928– )
The American Dream 


CROSSCURRENTS: The Age of Anxiety—The Beat Generation and Social Responsibilities 
JACK KEROUAC
*From On the Road
JOHN CLELLON HOLMES (1926–1988)
From The Philosophy of the Beat Generation
DWIGTH D. EISENHOWER
[The Military Industrial Complex]
RACHEL CARSON
From Silent Spring
MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR (1929–1968)
I Have a Dream
POETRY 
ROBERT PENN WARREN (1905-1989)
History among the Rocks 
Founding Fathers, Nineteenth-Century Style, Southeast U.S.A. 
Blow, West Wind
THEODORE ROETHKE (1908-1963)
Open House 
Cuttings (later) 
My Papa's Waltz 
Elegy for Jane 
The Waking 
I Knew a Woman 
The Far Field 
Wish for a Young Wife 
In a Dark Time
ELIZABETH BISHOP (1911-1979)
The Fish 
At the Fishhouses 
Questions of Travel 
The Armadillo 
Sestina 
In the Waiting Room 
One Art
CZESLAW MILOSZ (1911-2004)
Campo dei Fiori 
Fear 
Café 
In Warsaw 
Ars Poetica? 
To Raja Rao 
With Her
ROBERT HAYDEN (1913–1980)
Tour 5 
Those Winter Sundays 
Year of the Child
JOHN BERRYMAN (1914-1972)
From THE DREAM SONGS:
1 [Huffy Henry hid the day] 
4 [Filling her compact & delicious body] 
14 [Life, friends, is boring. We must not say so] 
29 [There sat down, once, a thing on Henry's heart] 
76 [Henry's Confession] 
145 [Also I love him: me he's done no wrong] 
153 [I'm cross with god who has wrecked this generation] 
384 [The marker slants, flowerless, day's almost done] 
385 [My daughter's heavier. Light leaves are flying]
WILLIAM STAFFORD (1914-1993)
Before the Big Storm 
Judgments 
One Home 
The Farm on the Great Plains
GWENDOLYN BROOKS (1917-2000)
a song in the front yard 
The Bean Eaters 
We Real Cool 
The Lovers of the Poor
ROBERT LOWELL (1917-1977)
Sailing Home from Rapallo 
Waking in the Blue 
*Memories of West Street and Lepke 
Skunk Hour 
The Neo-Classical Urn 
For the Union Dead 
For Theodore Roethke 
Reading Myself 
Epilogue
RICHARD WILBUR (1921- )
The Beautiful Changes 
Museum Piece 
The Death of a Toad 
Love Calls Us to the Things of This World
JAMES DICKEY (1923-1997)
The Lifeguard 
Cherrylog Road 
The Shark's Parlor
DENISE LEVERTOV (1923- )
The Third Dimension 
To the Snake 
The Room 
The Willows of Massachusetts 
Living
A. R. AMMONS (1926-2001)
Corsons Inlet 
Cascadilla Falls 
Poetics
ROBERT BLY (1926- )
Driving toward the Lac Qui Parle River 
Driving to Town Late to Mail a Letter 
Watering the Horse 
The Executive's Death 
Looking at New-Fallen Snow from a Train
ALLEN GINSBERG (1926-1997)
A Supermarket in California 
Howl 
America
FRANK O'HARA (1926-1966)
Why I Am Not a Painter 
A True Account of Talking to the Sun at Fire Island 
The Day Lady Died 
Ave Maria
SYLVIA PLATH (1932-1963)
Morning Song 
The Rival 
The Arrival of the Bee Box 
The Applicant 
Daddy 
Lady Lazarus 
Death & Co 
Child 
Mystic
AMIRI BARAKA (1934- )
In Memory of Radio 
An Agony As Now
BOB DYLAN (1945– )
Blowin’ in the Wind 
A Hard Rain’s A-Gonna Fall 
The Times They Are A-Changin’ 
Mr. Tambourine Man 
Like a Rolling Stone
PROSE 
EUDORA WELTY (1909-2001)
A Memory
VLADIMIR NABOKOV (1899-1977)
From Pnin
Chapter Five [Pnin at the Pines]
ISAAC BASHEVIS SINGER (1904-1991)
Gimpel the Fool
JOHN CHEEVER (1912-1982)
The Swimmer
RALPH ELLISON (1914- )
From Invisible Man
Chapter 1 [Battle Royal]
BERNARD MALAMUD (1914-1986)
The Mourners
SAUL BELLOW (1915- )
A Silver Dish
JAMES BALDWIN (1924-1987)
Sonny's Blues
FLANNERY O'CONNOR (1925-1964)
Good Country People
JOHN BARTH (1930- )
Lost in the Funhouse
JOHN UPDIKE (1932- )
Separating
PHILIP ROTH (1933- )
The Conversion of the Jews
THOMAS PYNCHON (1937– )
Entropy 


A CENTURY ENDS AND A NEW MILLENNIUM BEGINS, 1975-PRESENT
Drama 
Poetry 
Fiction 
Multiculturalism 
Globalization 
Timeline: A Century Ends and a New Millennium Begins 
DRAMA 
SAM SHEPARD (1943- )
True West
AUGUST WILSON (1945– )
Fences 


CROSSCURRENTS: What Is an American? Freedom and Responsibility 
BOB DYLAN (1941- )
Masters of War
NORMAN MAILER (1923-2007)
*From Armies of the Night
BETTY FRIEDAN
The Problem That Has No Name
TIM O’BRIEN (1946– )
The Things They Didn’t Know
AL GORE (1948– )
*From An Inconvenient Truth 


POETRY 
W.S. MERWIN (1927- )
The Drunk in the Furnace 
The Last One 
Vision 
Trees
JAMES WRIGHT (1927-1980)
A Note Left in Jimmy Leonard's Shack 
Autumn Begins in Martins Ferry, Ohio 
In Terror of Hospital Bills 
Two Postures beside a Fire
JAMES MERRILL (1926-1995)
A Timepiece 
Charles on Fire 
The Broken Home 
Samos
JOHN ASHBERY (1927- )
Some Trees 
The Painter 
Crazy Weather 
A Prison All the Same 
The Desperado 
At North Farm 
Down by the Station, Early in the Morning
ANNE SEXTON (1928-1974)
Her Kind 
The Farmer's Wife 
The Truth the Dead Know 
With Mercy for the Greedy
ADRIENNE RICH (1929- )
Aunt Jennifer's Tigers 
Living in Sin 
Necessities of Life 
Diving into the Wreck 
For the Dead 
For the Record
GARY SNYDER (1930- )
The Late Snow & Lumber Strike of the Summer of Fifty-Four 
Riprap 
Not Leaving the House 
Axe Handles
MARY OLIVER (1935- )
In Blackwater Woods 
The Ponds 
Picking Blueberries, Austerlitz, New York, 1957 
Early Morning, New Hampshire 
Yes! No!
JAY WRIGHT (1935- )
A Month in the Country 
Preparing to Leave Home 
From Boleros
35 Indian Pond
The Buried Barn's Own Nocturne
CHARLES SIMIC (1938- )
Fear 
Bestairy for the Fingers of My Right Hand 
Fork 
Euclid Avenue 
Prodigy 
My Weariness of Epic Proportions
JOSEPH BRODSKY (1940-1996)
From Lullaby of Cape Cod
IV [The change of Empires is intimately tied]
Belfast Tune 
A Song 
To My Daughter
SIMON J. ORTIZ (1941- )
Vision Shadows 
Poems from the Veterans Hospital
8:50 AM Ft. Lyons VAH 
Travelling
From From Sand Creek
[At the Salvation Army]
RITA DOVE (1952- )
Champagne 
Ö 
Dusting 
Roast Possum
LORNA DEE CERVANTES (1954- )
Poem for the Young White Man Who Asked Me How I, an Intelligent, Well-Read 
Person, Could Believe in a War Between the Races 
For Virginia Chavez 
Emplumadu
CATHY SONG (1955- )
Picture Bride 
Heaven 
Immaculate Lives
LI-YOUNG LEE (1957– )
I Ask My Mother to Sing 
The Gift 
The Hammock 
Restless
PROSE 
JOYCE CAROL OATES (1938- )
Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?
NASH CANDELARIA (1928- )
El Patrón
TONI MORRISON (1931- )
From Sula
1922
ANNIE PROULX (1935- )
The Half-Skinned Steer
DON DELILLO (1936- )
The Angel Esmeralda
RAYMOND CARVER (1938-1988)
A Small, Good Thing
BOBBIE ANN MASON (1940- )
Shiloh
BHARATI MUKHERJEE (1940- )
The Management of Grief
ANNE TYLER (1941- )
Average Waves in Unprotected Waters
JOHN EDGAR WIDEMAN (1941- )
*Doc’s Story
ISABEL ALLENDE (1942- )
And of Clay Are We Created
ALICE WALKER (1944- )
Everyday Use
TIM O'BRIEN (1946- )
From Going After Cacciato
Night March
ANN BEATTIE (1947- )
Janus
LESLIE MARMON SILKO (1948- )
The Man to Send Rain Clouds
JAMAICA KINCAID (1949- )
Mariah
AMY TAN (1952- )
Half and Half
LOUISE ERDRICH (1954- )
The Red Convertible
SANDRA CISNEROS (1954– )
Woman Hollering Creek
BARBARA KINGSOLVER (1955- )
Homeland
SHERMAN ALEXIE (1966– )
What You Pawn I Will Redeem
JHUMPA LAHIRI (1967- )
The Third and Final Continent
EDWIDGE DANTICAT (1969– )
Seven 
Historical-Literary Timeline 
Bibliography 
Acknowledgments 
Index