| Altered Chords | Chords using notes not found in the scale on which the passage is based.
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| Chromaticism | The use of pitches foreign to the key of a given passage.
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| Essential Chromaticism | The use of tones from outside the key as members of chords (altered chords).
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| Nonessential Chromaticism | The use of tones from outside the key as non-chord tones.
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| Secondary Function | A chord whose function belongs more closely to a key other than the main key of the passage.
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| Tonicization | Similar to a modulation, but the shift of tonal center is shorter in duration.
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