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Multiple Choice Quiz
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1
When using the experimental method, a researcher ___________.
A)manipulates the confounding variable
B)keeps all variables except the independent variable constant
C)manipulates the dependent variable
D)keeps the independent variable constant
2
A variable that varies along with the independent variable is called a _________ variable.
A)miscellaneous
B)secondary
C)confounding
D)constant
3
When the results of an experiment can confidently be attributed to the effect of the independent variable, the experiment is said to have __________ validity.
A)external
B)control
C)experiment
D)internal
4
Which of the following are two forms of the basic, simple experimental design?
A)pretest-only design; posttest-one group design
B)posttest-only design; pretest-two group design
C)pretest-posttest design; single-case design
D)posttest-only design; pretest-posttest design
5
___________ is used to achieve equivalence between groups of participants.
A)Random assignment
B)Random selection
C)Probability sampling
D)Simple random sampling
6
The dropout factor in experiments is referred to as __________.
A)subject reduction
B)subject confounding
C)mortality
D)loss rate
7
Which of the following is a disadvantage to using pretests?
A)It may be time consuming and awkward to administer in the context of the experimental procedures being used.
B)It can sensitize participants to what is being studied and enable them to figure out the hypothesis.
C)Participants may react to the manipulation differently than those that did not experience the pretest.
D)all of the these
8
A Solomon four-group design is __________.
A)a combination of both the posttest only and pretest-posttest designs
B)used when there are four independent variables
C)used to assess the impact of selection bias
D)a combination of random assignment and random selection
9
There are(is) __________ basic way(s) of assigning participants to experimental conditions.
A)one
B)two
C)three
D)four
10
In an experiment examining the impact of noise on memory, participants were asked to recall a list of words in a noisy room and then were asked to recall a list of words in a quiet room. This is an example of a(an) ________________ design.
A)independent groups
B)Solomon four-group
C)repeated measures
D)counterbalanced square
11
A repeated measures design is __________ likely to detect an effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable than an independent groups design.
A)more
B)less
C)equally
D)just as
12
Which of the following is a type of order effect?
A)performance
B)fatigue
C)condition
D)all of these
13
When are matched-pairs designs most likely to be used ?
A)when only a few participants are available
B)when using haphazard sampling
C)when research has limite funding
D)when random assignment is not possible
14
A technique to control for order effects without having all possible orders is __________.
A)analysis of covariance
B)Latin square
C)analysis of variance
D)counterbalancing
15
In which experimental design are people first matched on a participant characteristic?
A)matched pairs
B)independent groups
C)repeated measures
D)individual difference
16
When assigning participants to conditions, the people in each condition cannot differ in any systematic way. That is, _____ must be eliminated.
A)individual differences
B)selection differences
C)attrition
D)mortality
17
To ensure participants randomly assigned to different levels of the independent variable are equivalent you should have a minimum of _______ participants per condition.
A)10 to 20
B)20 to 30
C)30 to 40
D)40 to 50
18
Independent group designs is to _____ designs as repeated measures designs is to _____ designs.
A)between-subjects; within-subjects
B)within-subjects; between-subjects
C)pretest; pretest-posttest
D)pretest-posttest; pretest
19
Which of the following is true?
A)Fewer participants are needed in a between-subjects design than a within-subjects design.
B)Between-subjects designs are more sensitive to finding statistically significant differences between groups than within-subjects designs.
C)Repeated measures designs identify and explain individual differences.
D)Repeated measures designs show less order effects than independent-groups designs.
20
All of the following are true about matched-pairs designs except
A)they are costly.
B)they are most likely to be used in place of random assignment.
C)they are time consuming.
D)they are the most commonly used in experimental design.
21
Stan is participating in a research project on campus. The experimenter asked him to complete a lengthy questionnaire. He was then asked to sit in a waiting room for 20 minutes while the researcher prepared the second part of the study. Between the long survey and the long wait he was too tired to focus on the second part of the study. This is an example of the _____ effect.
A)carryover
B)practice
C)learning
D)fatigue





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