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1 | | Which is the CORRECT statement about self-esteem? |
| | A) | Children with high self-esteem have greater initiative. |
| | B) | High self-esteem children don't engage in antisocial actions. |
| | C) | Self-esteem research is experimental in methodology. |
| | D) | There are high correlations between school performance and self-esteem. |
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2 | | Erikson's stage describing socioemotional development for people in middle and late childhood is called |
| | A) | integrity versus despair. |
| | B) | initiative versus guilt. |
| | C) | industry versus inferiority. |
| | D) | identity versus identity confusion. |
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3 | | Which of the following is an important developmental change in emotions during the elementary school years? |
| | A) | decreased ability to understand complex emotions |
| | B) | small improvements in the ability to suppress positive emotions |
| | C) | increased tendency to be aware of the events leading to emotional reactions |
| | D) | unable to redirect feelings |
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4 | | The belief that one can master a situation and produce favorable outcomes is called |
| | A) | self-efficacy. |
| | B) | self-esteem. |
| | C) | self-determinism. |
| | D) | self-concept. |
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5 | | Which of the following is recommended for parents, teachers, and other care-givers of children who are coping with a stressful event? |
| | A) | Reassure children of their safety and security. |
| | B) | Do not allow children to retell events. |
| | C) | Protect children from reexposure to frightening situations. |
| | D) | Help children make sense of what happened. |
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6 | | Which of Kohlberg's levels of moral development involves a personal moral code? |
| | A) | preconventional |
| | B) | postconventional |
| | C) | conventional |
| | D) | All of Kohlberg's stages involve a personal moral code. |
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7 | | According to Kohlberg, in the __________ stage, moral thinking is tied to punishment. |
| | A) | individualism, instrumental purpose, and exchange |
| | B) | social systems morality |
| | C) | universal ethical principles |
| | D) | heteronomous morality |
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8 | | Carol Gilligan's central criticism of Kohlberg's theory of moral development is that |
| | A) | the theory reflects a gender bias. |
| | B) | the theory overemphasizes the role of cognition. |
| | C) | the theory underemphasizes the role of behavior. |
| | D) | the theory overestimates the role of culture and family. |
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9 | | The moral perspective that views people in terms of their connectedness with others and emphasizes communication, relationships with, and concern for others is called |
| | A) | the connection perspective. |
| | B) | the care perspective. |
| | C) | relationship emphasis. |
| | D) | the justice perspectives. |
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10 | | Which type of aggression comprises a greater percentage of girls' overall aggression? |
| | A) | physical |
| | B) | verbal |
| | C) | relational |
| | D) | emotional |
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11 | | According to your textbook, which of these statements regarding gender roles is TRUE? |
| | A) | Researchers have found that high-masculinity adolescent boys never engage in problem behaviors. |
| | B) | Pollack suggests that boys actually benefit from bottling up their feelings. |
| | C) | Bem argues that androgynous individuals are more competent, flexible and mentally healthy. |
| | D) | Masculine and androgynous orientations might be less desirable in traditional academic and work settings because of the achievement demands in these contexts. |
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12 | | When examining children's peer status, we find that __________ children are frequently nominated both as someone's best friend and as being disliked. |
| | A) | popular |
| | B) | neglected |
| | C) | rejected |
| | D) | controversial |
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13 | | John Coie found that ____________ children have fewer social skills in making friends and maintaining positive relationships with peers. |
| | A) | controversial |
| | B) | rejected |
| | C) | neglected |
| | D) | isolated |
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14 | | Jacob finds his relationship with Akira exciting and amusing. Which function of friendship does their relationship fulfill? |
| | A) | companionship |
| | B) | stimulation |
| | C) | ego support |
| | D) | social comparison |
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15 | | Schools in low-income neighborhoods face all of the following problems, EXCEPT: |
| | A) | old and run-down school facilities |
| | B) | fewer resources |
| | C) | more experienced teachers who have become bored |
| | D) | more encouragement of rote learning over thinking skills |
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16 | | To improve relations between ethnically diverse students, Eliot Aronson suggested |
| | A) | turning the class into a jigsaw classroom. |
| | B) | encouraging students to have positive personal contact with other diverse students. |
| | C) | encouraging students to engage in perspective-taking. |
| | D) | helping students think critically when cultural issues are involved. |
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17 | | Research by Harold Stevenson and his colleagues found that Asian students consistently outperformed American students in math because |
| | A) | of innate ability. |
| | B) | American parents had much higher expectations for their child's education. |
| | C) | American teachers spent less time teaching math than Asian teachers did. |
| | D) | Asian parents were less likely to help their children with math homework. |
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